Effects of rumen-protected glucose on ileal microbiota and genes involved in ileal epithelial metabolism and immune homeostasis in transition dairy cows

Zhang, Xiaoli; Wu, Jian; Han, Xuefeng; Tan, Zhiliang; Jiao, Jinzhen

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.06.003

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…3) revealed that M. gallisepticum had mainly affected the formation of apical junctional complexes, including adherens junctions and tight junctions. The downregulated genes JMY, TPJ1, and AFDN have been implicated in cell adhesion (47), maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier (48), and formation of both adherens and tight junctions (49). Furthermore, downregulation of cadherin, cadherin-related genes, and catenin-related genes (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Response of the Chicken Trachea to Chronic Infection with Virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain Ap3AS and Vaxsafe MG (Strain ts-304): a Transcriptional Profile

et al. 2020

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the primary etiological agent of chronic respiratory disease in chickens. Live attenuated vaccines are most commonly used in the field to control the disease, but current vaccines have some limitations. Vaxsafe MG (strain ts-304) is a new vaccine candidate that is efficacious at a lower dose than the current commercial vaccine strain ts-11, from which it is derived. In this study, the transcriptional profiles of the trachea of unvaccinated chickens and chickens vaccinated with strain ts-304 were compared 2 weeks after challenge with M. gallisepticum strain Ap3AS during the chronic stage of infection. After challenge, genes, gene ontologies, pathways, and protein classes involved in inflammation, cytokine production and signaling, and cell proliferation were upregulated, while those involved in formation and motor movement of cilia, formation of intercellular junctional complexes, and formation of the cytoskeleton were downregulated in the unvaccinated birds compared to the vaccinated birds, reflecting immune dysregulation and the pathological changes induced in the trachea by infection with M. gallisepticum. Vaccination appears to protect the structural and functional integrity of the tracheal mucosa 2 weeks after infection with M. gallisepticum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Response of the Chicken Trachea to Chronic Infection with Virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain Ap3AS and Vaxsafe MG (Strain ts-304): a Transcriptional Profile

et al. 2020

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“…Glucose is a key nutrient for the maintenance of basic functions of body tissues and the synthesis of milk during lactation (3). Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) improved the lactation on November 6, 2020 by guest http://aem.asm.org/ Downloaded from performance and enhanced the immune function of dairy cows in early lactation (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucose is a key nutrient for the maintenance of basic functions of body tissues and the synthesis of milk during lactation ( 3 ). Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) improved the lactation performance and enhanced the immune function of dairy cows in early lactation ( 4 , 5 ). However, Li et al ( 4 ) reported that a supplement amount of RPG of 200 g/day during the transition period was not sufficient to meet the increased requirement in energy consumption and milk production and therefore more body fat would be mobilized to meet the energy demand, which would have a negative impact on hepatic function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminal Degradation of Rumen-Protected Glucose Influences the Ruminal Microbiota and Metabolites in Early-Lactation Dairy Cows

Wang

Nan

Zhao

et al. 2021

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) plays an important role in alleviating the negative energy balance of dairy cows. This study used a combination of rumen microbes 16S and metabolomics to elucidate the changes of rumen microbial composition and rumen metabolites of different doses of RPG's rumen degradation part in early lactation dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation were randomly allocated to control (CON), low RPG (LRPG), medium RPG (MRPG) or high RPG (HRPG) groups in a randomized block design. The cows were fed a basal total mixed ration diet with 0, 200, 350 and 500 g RPG per cow per day, respectively. Rumen fluid samples were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. MRPG supplementation increased bacterial richness and diversity, including increasing the relative abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Ruminiclostridium, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-008. MRPG significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acid in the rumen. Ruminal fluid metabolomics analysis showed that RPG supplementation could significantly regulate the synthesis of amino acids digested by protozoa in the rumen. Correlation analysis of ruminal microbiome and metabolome revealed some potential relationships between major bacteria abundance and metabolites concentrations. Our analysis found that RPG supplementation of different doses can change the diversity of microorganisms in the rumen and affect the rumen fermentation pattern and microbial metabolism, and a daily supplement of 350 g RPG might be the ideal dose. IMPORTANCE Dairy cows in early lactation are prone to negative energy balance because their dry matter intake cannot meet the energy requirements of lactation. Rumen-protected glucose is used as an effective feed additive to alleviate the negative energy balance of dairy cows in early lactation. But one thing that is overlooked is that people often think that rumen-protected glucose is not degraded in the rumen, thus ignoring its impact on the microorganisms in the rumen environment. Our investigation and previous experiments have found that rumen-protected glucose is partially degraded in the rumen. However, there are few reports on this part of the research. Therefore, we conducted research on this problem and found that 350g/d rumen-protected glucose supplementation can promote the development and metabolism of rumen flora. This provides a theoretical basis for the extensive application of rumen bypass glucose in the later stage.

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“…Animal and experimental designs have been described in detail previously ( Zhang et al., 2019 ). Briefly, ten dairy cows (4.7 ± 0.5 years of age; 515 ± 42 kg; 16.1 ± 3.7 kg/d milk yield) were randomly allocated to 2 dietary treatments: a control diet (CON, a basal diet supplemented with coating fat at 11 g/kg DM [90 g/cow per day]) and an RPG diet (a basal diet supplemented with 25 g/kg DM [200 g/cow per day]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous study demonstrated that supplementation with rumen-protected glucose (RPG) increases milk production and reduces blood proinflammatory marker levels in transition dairy cows ( Li et al., 2019 ). Moreover, dietary RPG supplementation can improve immune homeostasis, and promote epithelial metabolism in the ileum of transition dairy cows ( Zhang et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen-protected glucose supplementation in transition dairy cows shifts fermentation patterns and enhances mucosal immunity

Zhang

et al. 2021

Animal Nutrition

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Manipulation of perinatal diets, such as supplementing feed with rumen-protected glucose (RPG), has been positively regarded as a strategy to improve milking performance. This study was conducted to assess the effects of RPG on the fermentation profiles, resident microbiota and mucosal immunity in the cecum. Ten Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to either a 25 g/kg RPG diet (DM basis) or a 11 g/kg coating fat diet (control, CON). Compared with the CON group, the acetate-to-propionate ratio was lower in the RPG group. Gene expression analysis indicated that RPG supplementation tended to upregulate the expression of Na + /H + hydrogen exchanger 3 ( NHE3 ) ( P = 0.076). RPG supplementation downregulated the expression of genes involved in self-rehabilitation such as matrix metalloproteinase 1 ( MMP1 ), MMP3 , MMP9 and MMP13 . Additionally, the mRNA expression of genes involved in immunity including Toll-like receptors ( TLR4 , TLR6 and TLR7 ) and proinflammatory cytokines (immune interferon gamma [ IFNG ] and interleukins interleukin 17A [ IL17F ], IL17A , IL22 ), was downregulated by RPG supplementation. Nonetheless, no differences existed in the bacterial copy number and beta diversity between the 2 groups. Overall, supplementation with RPG would probably cause a shift towards propionate production in the cecal digesta, and promote the immune homeostasis of the cecal mucosa in transition dairy cows. Our results extended the basic understanding of RPG supplementation and utilization in transition dairy cows in terms of host microbe interplay in the cecum.

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Effects of rumen-protected glucose on ileal microbiota and genes involved in ileal epithelial metabolism and immune homeostasis in transition dairy cows

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Differential Response of the Chicken Trachea to Chronic Infection with Virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain Ap3AS and Vaxsafe MG (Strain ts-304): a Transcriptional Profile

Differential Response of the Chicken Trachea to Chronic Infection with Virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain Ap3AS and Vaxsafe MG (Strain ts-304): a Transcriptional Profile

Ruminal Degradation of Rumen-Protected Glucose Influences the Ruminal Microbiota and Metabolites in Early-Lactation Dairy Cows

Rumen-protected glucose supplementation in transition dairy cows shifts fermentation patterns and enhances mucosal immunity

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