Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood

Nolen–Hoeksema, Susan; Morrow, Jannay

doi:10.1080/02699939308409206

Cited by 842 publications

(591 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Nearly significant First interventioniTime interactions were found for despondency, F(1, 46) l 3n38, P l 0n072 and for happiness, F(1, 46) l 3n46, P l 0n069. Although not significant at the 0n05 level, these results were in a direction consistent with previous findings in dysphoric undergraduates (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1993) that distraction would reduce dysphoric mood while rumination would maintain dysphoric mood. There was a significant main effect of Time on …”

Section: Mood Measuressupporting

confidence: 90%

Decentring and distraction reduce overgeneral autobiographical memory in depression

2000

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Background. Increased recall of categorical autobiographical memories is a phenomenon unique to depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, and is associated with a poor prognosis for depression. Although the elevated recall of categorical memories does not change on remission from depression, recent findings suggest that overgeneral memory may be reduced by cognitive interventions and maintained by rumination. This study tested whether cognitive manipulations could influence the recall of categorical memories in dysphoric participants.

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Section: Mood Measuressupporting

confidence: 90%

Decentring and distraction reduce overgeneral autobiographical memory in depression

2000

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“…Change in Contextual Self 18 rumination and depression have been reported in previous studies 12,16,22,25 as have significant negative associations between decentering and depression 16 . These results appear to suggest that being entangled and consistently focused within one's thoughts can contribute to depression while being "disentangled" or "distancing" from one's thoughts may be beneficial.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 51%

Change in “Self-as-Context” (“Perspective-Taking”) Occurs in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for People With Chronic Pain and Is Associated With Improved Functioning

Norton

McCracken

2017

The Journal of Pain

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Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is based on the Psychological Flexibility (PF) model, which includes a therapeutic process, referred to as "self-as-context" (SAC). This study investigates whether ACT is associated with an effect on SAC and whether this effect is linked to treatment outcomes in people with chronic pain. 412 adults referred to a pain management center participated in the study. Participants completed measures of treatment processes (SAC, pain acceptance) and outcomes (pain-related interference, work and social adjustment, depression) before treatment, upon completion of treatment, and at nine-month follow-up.Paired sample t-tests and analyses of meaningful change were conducted to examine changes in processes and outcomes. Regression analyses with residualized change scores from process and outcome variables, and bivariate growth curve modeling were used to examine the association between change in SAC and change in outcomes. Participants significantly improved on all process and outcome variables at post-treatment (d=.38 to .98) and nine-month followup (d=.24 to .75). 42.0% to 67.5% participants showed meaningful improvements on each outcome at post-treatment and follow-up. Change in SAC was associated with change in outcomes (β=-.21 to -.31; r=-.16 to -.46). Results support a role for change in SAC in treatment as the PF model suggested. PerspectiveThis study shows the delivery of a treatment for chronic pain based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy was associated with improved self-as-context (SAC) and improved M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTChange in Contextual Self 3 functioning for people with chronic pain, and increases in SAC were associated with improved functioning. These results can inform future treatment development.

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“…The alternative is simply to sidestep cognitive habits instead of arguing with them. Directing clients who ruminate unproductively to notice and subsequent ly turn their attention to unrelated but compelling topics, ideally agreed upon in advance, takes advantage of the usefulness of distraction in possibly improving mood (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1993 ) and weakening the ruminative cycle. Even the brute-force method of suppressing undesirable thoughts has been shown to decrease their subsequent occurrence, particularly by indivi duals with major depressive disorder (e.g., Joor mann, Hertel, Brozovich, & Gotlib, 2005).…”

Section: Implicati Ons For Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Am I Blue? Depressed Mood and the Consequences of Self-Focus for the Interpretation and Recall of Ambiguous Words

Hertel

El-Messidi

2006

Behavior Therapy

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Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood

Cited by 842 publications

References 27 publications

Decentring and distraction reduce overgeneral autobiographical memory in depression

Decentring and distraction reduce overgeneral autobiographical memory in depression

Change in “Self-as-Context” (“Perspective-Taking”) Occurs in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for People With Chronic Pain and Is Associated With Improved Functioning

Am I Blue? Depressed Mood and the Consequences of Self-Focus for the Interpretation and Recall of Ambiguous Words

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