Effects of saccadic eye movements on postural control stabilization

Rodrigues, Sérgio Tosi; Aguiar, Stefane A.; Polastri, Paula Fávaro; Godoi, Daniela; Moraes, Renato; Barela, José Ângelo

doi:10.1590/s1980-65742013000300012

Cited by 40 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Furthermore, postural balance was found to improve more during saccade conditions. This result, which was derived from SEM and PEM conducted at a frequency of 0.5 Hz, differs from the findings of previous studies that reported improvements in postural balance from saccades conducted at a higher frequency of 1.1 Hz (Stoffregen et al 2007;Rodrigues et al 2013). Further research is required to explain this difference.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Saccadic Eye Movement Improves Plantar Sensation and Postural Balance in Elderly Women

Bae

2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Vision, proprioception and plantar sensation contribute to the control of postural balance (PB). Reduced plantar sensation alters postural response and is at an increased risk of fall, and eye movements reduce the postural sway. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the improvement of plantar sensation and PB after saccadic eye movement (SEM) and pursuit eye movement (PEM) in community-dwelling elderly women. Participants (104 females; 75.11 ± 6.25 years) were randomly allocated into the SEM group (n = 52) and PEM groups (n = 52). The SEM group performed eye fixation and SEM for 5 minutes, and the PEM group performed eye fixation and PEM for 5 minutes. The plantar sensation was measured according to the plantar surface area of the feet in contact with the floor surface before and after the intervention. Before and after SEM and PEM with the eyes open and closed, PB was measured as the area (mm 2 ), length (cm), and velocity (cm/s) of the fluctuation of the center of pressure (COP). The plantar sensation of both feet improved in both groups (p < 0.01). Significant decreases in the area, length, and velocity of the COP were observed in the eye open and close in both groups (p < 0.01). The length and velocity of the COP significantly decreased in the SEM group compared to the PEM group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SEM and PEM are effective interventions for improving plantar sensation and PB in elderly women, with greater PB improvement after SEM.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Saccadic Eye Movement Improves Plantar Sensation and Postural Balance in Elderly Women

Bae

2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Specifically, a low frequency of saccadic eye movements decreased sway compared with fixation, but saccades that were performed at a higher frequency caused a further decrease, suggesting that task demands are crucial for determining the effects of saccadic eye movements on balance control, as previously demonstrated for young adults (Rodrigues et al, 2013). This result could be attributable to the mechanisms involved in the visual stabilization of posture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Effects of saccadic eye movements on postural control in older adults.

Aguiar¹,

Polastri²,

Godoi³

et al. 2015

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Saccadic eye movements have been shown to affect posture by decreasing the magnitude of body sway in young adults. However, there is no evidence of how the search for visual information that occurs during eye movements affects postural control in older adults. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of saccadic eye movements on postural control in older adults while they stood on 2 different bases of support. Twelve older adults stood upright in 70-s trials under 2 stance conditions (wide and narrow) and 3 gaze conditions (fixation, saccadic eye movements at 0.5 Hz, and saccadic eye movements at 1.1 Hz). Head and trunk sway amplitude and mean sway frequency were measured in both the anterior/posterior (AP) and medial/lateral (ML) directions. The results showed that the amplitude of body sway was reduced during saccades compared with fixation, as previously observed in young adults. However, older adults exhibited similar sway amplitude and frequency in the AP direction under the wide and narrow stance conditions, which is different from observations in young adults, who display larger sway in a narrow stance compared with a wide stance while performing saccades. These results suggest that although older adults are affected by saccadic eye movements by a decrease in the amplitude of body sway, as observed in young adults, they present a more rigid postural control strategy that does not allow larger sway during a more challenging stance condition.Keywords: aging, eye movements, posture, saccades, visual information Postural control is fundamental for performing numerous daily activities. The main behavioral goals involved in the control of posture are postural equilibrium (related to the balance of forces that act on the body) and postural orientation (related to the positioning of body seg-

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“…These participants swayed significantly less when searching to detect the location of a target within an image than when randomly looking at similar images and/or looking at a stationary dot [22], they swayed significantly less when searching a letter in a text than when randomly looking at a white panel [23,25]. They also swayed significantly less when they had to gaze a dot appearing either right or left at a constant frequency and amplitude relative to the control stationary-gaze task [16,24,[26][27][28] and when they had to perform only one saccade toward a target relative to the stationary-gaze task ( [10], Table 1). The significant reduction of body sway was found at least at one level of the body (COP, head, shoulder, lower-back), at least in one direction (anteroposterior, mediolateral) and at least in one of the dependent variables used (standard deviation, range, surface area, mean velocity, root mean square, COP-COM, Table 1).…”

Section: Results Published In Active Vision Tasksmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In seven of the nine selected studies, participants stood comfortably with no requirement to sway as less as possible [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Participants were simply asked to perform both control and active vision tasks as naturally as possible, and these studies showed a reduction of spontaneous COP and/or body sway in the active vision task.…”

Section: Limits Of the U-shape Nonlinear Interaction Model To Explainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active vision task and postural control in healthy, young adults: Synergy and probably not duality

Bonnet

Baudry

2016

Gait & Posture

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In upright stance, individuals sway continuously and the sway pattern in dual tasks (e.g., a cognitive task performed in upright stance) differs significantly from that observed during the control quiet stance task. The cognitive approach has generated models (limited attentional resources, U-shaped nonlinear interaction) to explain such patterns based on competitive sharing of attentional resources. The objective of the current manuscript was to review these cognitive models in the specific context of visual tasks involving gaze shifts toward precise targets (here called active vision tasks). The selection excluded the effects of early and late stages of life or disease, external perturbations, active vision tasks requiring head and body motions and the combination of two tasks performed together (e.g., a visual task in addition to a computation in one's head). The selection included studies performed by healthy, young adults with control and active - difficult - vision tasks. Over 174 studies found in Pubmed and Mendeley databases, nine were selected. In these studies, young adults exhibited significantly lower amplitude of body displacement (center of pressure and/or body marker) under active vision tasks than under the control task. Furthermore, the more difficult the active vision tasks were, the better the postural control was. This underscores that postural control during active vision tasks may rely on synergistic relations between the postural and visual systems rather than on competitive or dual relations. In contrast, in the control task, there would not be any synergistic or competitive relations.

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Effects of saccadic eye movements on postural control stabilization

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

Saccadic Eye Movement Improves Plantar Sensation and Postural Balance in Elderly Women

Saccadic Eye Movement Improves Plantar Sensation and Postural Balance in Elderly Women

Effects of saccadic eye movements on postural control in older adults.

Active vision task and postural control in healthy, young adults: Synergy and probably not duality

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