Effects of Safety Behaviour On the Maintenance of Anxiety and Negative Belief Social Anxiety Disorder

Okajima, Isa; Kanai, Yoshihiro; Chen, Junwen; Sakano, Yuji

doi:10.1177/0020764008092191

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This hypothesis is supported by Salkovskis et al's (1996) findings that panic disorder patients' choice of specific safety strategies was meaningfully related to their catastrophic cognitions. Okajima et al (2010) also noted that the comparable number of safety strategies used by anxious and healthy participants suggests that some safety behavior used by anxious individuals might function as adaptive coping behavior.…”

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confidence: 93%

Keep Your Eye on the Target: Safety Behavior Reduces Targeted Threat Beliefs Following a Behavioral Experiment

Radomsky

2012

Cogn Ther Res

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This study examined the effect of safety behavior on belief change during a behavioral experiment. Highly spider fearful participants (N = 126) evaluated a targeted negative belief about spiders during a brief behavioral experiment with a live tarantula. Participants were randomly assigned either to use or not use safety gear during the session. Results demonstrated that after the behavioral experiment, targeted negative beliefs were significantly lower in the safety gear condition than in the control condition. Both conditions benefited from comparable improvements across a broader constellation of negative spider-related beliefs. Safety gear facilitated closer approach to the spider during the session; however, participants who did not use safety gear experienced greater improvement in perceived control. These findings suggest that safety behavior need not impair corrective learning during cognitive-behavioral interventions and that it might indeed enhance it. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders and of the role of safety behavior therein.

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confidence: 93%

Keep Your Eye on the Target: Safety Behavior Reduces Targeted Threat Beliefs Following a Behavioral Experiment

Radomsky

2012

Cogn Ther Res

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“…The SFNE consists of 12 items (e.g., ''I worry about what other people will think of me even when I know it doesn't make any difference'') that are rated on a five-point Likert-type scale (range ¼ 12-60). The SFNE shows moderate relationships with the Social Phobia Scale and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (Okajima et al, 2009) and is considered a valid measure of social anxiety related cognition. The SFNE was used to examine convergent validity of the SBSA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SFNE measures ''fear of negative evaluation,'' a core cognitive feature of social anxiety. Indeed, the SFNE has been used to measure maladaptive beliefs related to social anxiety (e.g., Okajima, Kanai, Chen, & Sakano, 2009). However, fear of negative evaluation might be only one part of the various maladaptive cognitions related to social anxiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translation and Initial Validation of the Japanese Version of the Self-Beliefs Related to Social Anxiety Scale

et al. 2017

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Cognitive models of social anxiety posit that there are several types of maladaptive beliefs responsible for persistent social anxiety. Although these beliefs are theoretically important, currently there is no validated measure of these beliefs in Japan. In the present study, we translated into Japanese a well-validated measure of these beliefs, the Self-Beliefs Related to Social Anxiety (SBSA) Scale. The psychometric properties of the scale were also examined in two nonclinical samples ( ns = 401 and 30). Using confirmatory factor analysis, the Japanese version of the SBSA was found to have a correlated three-factor structure that consisted of "conditional beliefs," "unconditional beliefs," and "high standard beliefs." In addition, the Japanese version of the SBSA and its subscales demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. The Japanese version of the SBSA also demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity. Future applications of the Japanese version of the SBSA are discussed.

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“…Additionally, probability bias has been shown to have a positive effect on cost bias ( Shirotsuki et al, 2010 ); therefore, we assumed a path from probability bias to cost bias. Finally, since cost bias and avoidance behavior increase social anxiety ( Okajima et al, 2009 ; Shirotsuki et al, 2010 ; Noda et al, 2017b ), paths from cost bias and avoidance behavior to social anxiety were hypothesized. Based on the above hypotheses, we constructed Model A ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: A Hypothetical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While avoidance behavior temporarily relieves anxiety, it also increases social anxiety in the long term ( Clark and Wells, 1995 ; Hofmann and Otto, 2008 ). Avoidance behavior is strongly correlated with ( Noda et al, 2017a , 2018a ) and increases social anxiety ( Okajima et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-focused attention, cost/probability bias, and avoidance behavior mediate the relationship between trait mindfulness and social anxiety: A cross-sectional study

2022

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Self-focused attention, cost/probability bias, and avoidance behavior are maintaining factors for social anxiety. In particular, cost bias and avoidance behavior predict social anxiety. It has been shown that the enhancement of trait mindfulness improves these maintaining factors. This study examines the relationships among trait mindfulness, self-focused attention, cost/probability bias, avoidance behavior, and social anxiety, and clarifies whether they mediate the relationship between trait mindfulness and social anxiety. A cross-sectional design was used to examine the relationships among these variables. Participants were recruited from three universities in Japan (January 2019–December 2019). Undergraduate students (N = 367) completed a set of self-report measures assessing trait mindfulness, self-focused attention, cost/probability bias, avoidance behavior, and social anxiety. Results of path analyses revealed that the hypothesized model’s goodness-of-fit indices had high values. Trait mindfulness showed a direct negative association with self-focused attention, cost/probability bias, avoidance behavior, and social anxiety. Moreover, trait mindfulness was negatively associated with social anxiety via self-focused attention, cost/probability bias, and avoidance behavior. These findings indicate that mindfulness plays an important role in social anxiety and provide impetus for future research involving clinical studies of mindfulness-based interventions for social anxiety.

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Effects of Safety Behaviour On the Maintenance of Anxiety and Negative Belief Social Anxiety Disorder

Abstract: It is speculated that the SAD group have a stronger link between safety behaviour and negative belief than the healthy group, whereas frequency of the use of safety behaviour is equivalent between two groups. These results support the findings of previous studies.

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Keep Your Eye on the Target: Safety Behavior Reduces Targeted Threat Beliefs Following a Behavioral Experiment

Keep Your Eye on the Target: Safety Behavior Reduces Targeted Threat Beliefs Following a Behavioral Experiment

Translation and Initial Validation of the Japanese Version of the Self-Beliefs Related to Social Anxiety Scale

Self-focused attention, cost/probability bias, and avoidance behavior mediate the relationship between trait mindfulness and social anxiety: A cross-sectional study

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