Effects of sagging breasts and other risk factors associated with mastalgia: a case–control study

Çomçalı, Bülent; Kocaöz, Servet; Özdemir, Buket Altun; Parlak, Ömer; Körüklüoğlu, Birol

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82099-2

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Most of our respondents did not have family history of breast disease (84.45%). Similar observations were found in some previous study by Jahdi et al 2 and Çomçalý et al 16 showed majority of their respondents were housewife 2 , unemployed 16 , married 2,15,16 and multiparous 2,15,16 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Response to different medical treatment options for mastalgia in fibrocystic breast disease

Mostary¹,

Khan

Hossain

et al. 2021

Birdem Med J

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Background: Fibrocystic breast disease is the most common type of benign breast disease and mastalgia is the most common symptom of fibrocystic breast disease. Various types of medical management are given as a gold standard treatment for that. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different commonly used medical management options of mastalgia of fibrocystic breast disease on the quality of life of patients and their side effects as well. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in Out-patients Department of General Surgery, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, from July 2018 to June 2019. Total 45 patients with fibrocystic breast disease were selected according to the eligibility criteria and were allocated to two groups by alternative random selection. In non-pharmacological treatments receiving group, lifestyle modification advices along with evening primrose oil were given. On the other hand, in pharmacological treatment receiving group, bromocriptine and danazole were given according to some selection criteria of the patients. Response of treatments to each group and side effects were determined at one month, three months and six months follow-up respectively. Mastalgia was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) score and quality of life was calculated by modified WHO-QOL scoring in each follow-up. Results: Patients had an average age of 30.24±6.93 years with a majority in the age group 31-35 years (33.3%). Most patients were married (64.4%), housewives (62.20%), from middle-class groups (62.20%), multiparous (57.78%) and the majority had absence of the family history of breast diseases (84.45%). Majority of them presented with cyclical mastalgia (57.78%), bilateral mastalgia (60%) and mastalgia with lumpiness (44.4%). Among the patients who received non-pharmacological treatment, mastalgia improved in 34.78% cases and patients received pharmacological treatment, mastalgia improved in 72.73% cases. Different domains of quality of life were improved significantly in patients who received pharmacological treatment. Though majority of the patients had side effects due to pharmacological treatment, they were well tolerated. Conclusion: Despite having various side effects, pharmacological management by danazol or bromocriptine was well tolerated to our patients and a dramatic improvement was observed on quality of life than the nonpharmacologically treated patients. BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(1): 22-29

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Response to different medical treatment options for mastalgia in fibrocystic breast disease

Mostary¹,

Khan

Hossain

et al. 2021

Birdem Med J

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“…Breasts, especially larger breasts, tend to sag when a bra is not worn for a long time, due to the extensive stretch of soft tissues and ligaments [9]. Breast separation and ptosis may lead to health problems such as mastalgia [10], shoulder and back pain [11], and posture alteration due to the downward pull of breasts [12]. Dissatisfaction with one's appearance can lead to mental issues such as body-related anxiety and a sense of inferiority [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Morphological Evaluation of Young Women’s Breast-Bra Reshaping by Different Bra Cups

Zhong

Zhang

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Female breasts are regarded as a factor reflecting women’s morphological beauty. An appropriate bra can fulfill aesthetic needs, thus boosting self-esteem. This study proposed a method to analyze young women’s breast-bra morphological variations between two identical bras with different bra cup thicknesses. The 3D surface scan data of 129 female students who were braless and wore a thin bra (13 mm) and a thick bra (23 mm) were analyzed. Integral sections of the breasts and bra were cut at a fixed thickness of 10 mm, and slice maps were derived. Morphological parameters were extracted in braless and the two bra conditions. The variations in breast-bra shape caused by different thicknesses of bra cups were evaluated by quantifying breast ptosis, gathering, and breast slice area. The results showed that the thin bra lifted the breasts by 2.16 cm, whereas the thick bra decreased breast separation, gathering the breasts and moving them 2.15 cm laterally towards the center of the chest wall. Moreover, prediction models constructed using the critical morphological parameters were used to characterize breast-bra shape after wearing the provided bras. The findings lay the groundwork for quantifying the breast-bra shape variation caused by different bra cup thicknesses, allowing young females to choose optimally fitting bras to achieve their desired breast aesthetics.

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Effects of sagging breasts and other risk factors associated with mastalgia: a case–control study

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Response to different medical treatment options for mastalgia in fibrocystic breast disease

Response to different medical treatment options for mastalgia in fibrocystic breast disease

Comparative Morphological Evaluation of Young Women’s Breast-Bra Reshaping by Different Bra Cups

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