Effects of salinity and ionic composition of smart water on mineral scaling in carbonate reservoirs during water flooding

Ghasemian, Javad; Riahi, Siavash

doi:10.1016/s1876-3804(21)60033-2

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thus, the amount of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions dissolved and SO 4 2− deposited (in the present study) could very well account for the extra oil production during the ESW flood. This sulfate-exchange phenomenon is recognized as the primary mechanism of the release of trapped oil by engineered water by Sarvestani et al [43] and others [56] who evidenced deposition CaSO 4 on the rock surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Another significant advantage of carbonated water could be its ability to arrest scaling due to the dissolved acid gas. On pore-scale investigation using a scanning electron microscope, Ghasemian and Riahi [56] observed precipitation of CaSO 4 − CaCO 3 composite scale while injecting sulfate-rich seawater. The scale crystals grew perpendicular to the pore wall, and severe permeability loss was observed, which could be detrimental, particularly in tight formations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Carbonated Engineered Water as EOR Solution for Oil-Wet Carbonate Formation

et al. 2022

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Carbonated water has proven advantages over conventional CO2 injection in terms of arresting free CO2 mobility, low-pressure injection, lower volume requirement, and higher efficiency. The term “engineered water” is designated to selective ion-spiked injection water with the advantage of the ion-exchange reactions with the rock minerals and releasing trapped oil. This article investigated the synergic effect of dissolved CO2 and engineered water for oil recovery and understanding inner mechanisms. Recovery efficiencies were evaluated through coreflood studies, which revealed that the hybrid water could recover 6–10% more oil than engineered water and about 3% more than carbonated water. HP-HT pendant-drop studies show the insignificance of IFT reduction. Wettability change from oil wet to near-water wet is attributed as a significant factor. The dissolution of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and deposition of SO42− observed in coreflooding may have a significant contribution to oil recovery. Pore enlargement evidenced in NMR-PSD and NMR-ICP results support this claim. The study confirmed that the EWI-CWI hybrid technique could be a promising EOR method, eliminating the requirement for high-pressure injection, the problems of gravity segregation, and the early breakthrough of CO2. It can also be an effective EOR solution, providing a significant cost advantage and higher oil recovery in addition to the environmental benefits of CO2 sequestration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Carbonated Engineered Water as EOR Solution for Oil-Wet Carbonate Formation

et al. 2022

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“…The core plugs were washed and cleaned with toluene, methanol, and distilled water using the Soxhlet extractor to remove any dirt. Then they were heated in a furnace at almost 100 °C for 24 h to be dried [ 50 ]. The cores were saturated by a brine of 180,000 ppm NaCl.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Imbibition Oil Recovery by Natural Surfactant/Nanofluid: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

et al. 2022

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Organic surfactants have been utilized with different nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations due to the synergic mechanisms of nanofluid stabilization, wettability alteration, and oil-water interfacial tension reduction. However, investment and environmental issues are the main concerns to make the operation more practical. The present study introduces a natural and cost-effective surfactant named Azarboo for modifying the surface traits of silica nanoparticles for more efficient EOR. Surface-modified nanoparticles were synthesized by conjugating negatively charged Azarboo surfactant on positively charged amino-treated silica nanoparticles. The effect of the hybrid application of the natural surfactant and amine-modified silica nanoparticles was investigated by analysis of wettability alteration. Amine-surfactant-functionalized silica nanoparticles were found to be more effective than typical nanoparticles. Amott cell experiments showed maximum imbibition oil recovery after nine days of treatment with amine-surfactant-modified nanoparticles and fifteen days of treatment with amine-modified nanoparticles. This finding confirmed the superior potential of amine-surfactant-modified silica nanoparticles compared to amine-modified silica nanoparticles. Modeling showed that amine surfactant-treated SiO2 could change wettability from strongly oil-wet to almost strongly water-wet. In the case of amine-treated silica nanoparticles, a strongly water-wet condition was not achieved. Oil displacement experiments confirmed the better performance of amine-surfactant-treated SiO2 nanoparticles compared to amine-treated SiO2 by improving oil recovery by 15%. Overall, a synergistic effect between Azarboo surfactant and amine-modified silica nanoparticles led to wettability alteration and higher oil recovery.

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“…Compared with conventional water flooding, the solution containing sulfate can change the wettability of carbonate rocks and change the wettability to a wetter state . Increasing the concentration of SO 4 2– can significantly change the wettability of carbonate reservoirs and significantly improve the oil recovery. , It can be seen that SO 4 2– has an impact on the wettability of carbonate reservoirs, but the formation of the oil-wet carbonate surface and the mechanism of SO 4 2– salt ion desorption of crude oil have not been clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sulfate Ions on Crude Oil Adsorption/Desorption on Carbonate Rocks: Experimental and Molecular Simulations

Liu,

Qi,

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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In the background of the strong oil wettability and low production by water flooding in carbonate reservoirs, lowsalinity water containing sulfate ions can significantly change the surface wettability of carbonate rocks and thus increase the sweeping area; however, the absorption and desorption mechanisms of the oil film in the carbonate rock surface remain unclear. This paper analyzed the wettability alternation of carbonate rocks' surface in pure water and sodium sulfate solution. At the same time, MD (Materials Studio) software was used to simulate the formation process of the oil film and the effect of sulfate ions on the desorption of the oil film on the surface of carbonate rocks. The experimental results showed that sodium sulfate solution could accelerate the rate from oil-wet to water-wet and the final contact angle (49°) was smaller than that in pure water. The simulation results showed that dodecane molecules moved to the surface of calcite to form a double layer of the oil film and that the oil film near the calcite surface had a high-density stable structure under the van der Waals and electrostatic action. The hydrating sulfate ions above the oil film broke through the double oil film to form a water channel mainly under the action of electrostatic force and a hydrogen bond and then adsorbed on the calcite surface. A large number of water molecules moved down the water channel based on a strong hydrogen bonding force and crowded out the oil molecules on the surface of the calcite, resulting in the oil film detachment. This work aims to explain the interaction of oil molecules, water molecules, and SO 4 2− ions at the molecular scale and guide the practical application of low-salinity water flooding in carbonate reservoirs.

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Effects of salinity and ionic composition of smart water on mineral scaling in carbonate reservoirs during water flooding

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Hybrid Carbonated Engineered Water as EOR Solution for Oil-Wet Carbonate Formation

Hybrid Carbonated Engineered Water as EOR Solution for Oil-Wet Carbonate Formation

Spontaneous Imbibition Oil Recovery by Natural Surfactant/Nanofluid: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

Effects of Sulfate Ions on Crude Oil Adsorption/Desorption on Carbonate Rocks: Experimental and Molecular Simulations

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