Effects of salinity on ingestion, oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion rates of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota

Abstract

information for improving aquaculture management in tropical and subtropical coastal areas.

Osmoregulation, bioenergetics and oxidative stress in coastal marine invertebrates: raising the questions for future research

“…However, most sources indicate that osmoconformers have low energetic requirements when exposed to decreased salinity. As salinity increases, their respiration rates also increase (Bouxin, 1931;Navarro and González, 1998;Sarà et al, 2008;Shin et al, 2011;Widdows, 1985;Yu et al, 2013), probably because of the active production of methylamines, FAA and derivates. These organic osmolytes are used by marine osmoconforming molluscs, polychaetes, crustaceans (Goolish and Burton, 1989) and other marine invertebrates such as sipunculids (Peng et al, 1994;Virkar, 1966) to increase intracellular osmolality.…”

“…Although this is most commonly attributed to exposure to low temperature or hypoxia, for example, a review of the literature shows that some marine invertebrates -ranging from flatworms (Rivera-Ingraham et al, 2016b) and echinoderms (Yu et al, 2013) to mollusks (Morritt et al, 2007;Sokolova et al, 2000;Stickle and Sabourin, 1979) -enter a state of metabolic depression when exposed to hypo-osmotic conditions or freshwater (Fig. 4).…”

Metabolic Rate Characteristics and Sediment Cleaning Potential of the Tropical Sea Cucumber <i>Holothuria scabra </i>

“…Practically, OCR and AER comprise important parameters in ecosystem models, and the present study provides regression formulae for OCR and AER as a function of body size, which are useful for the time series ecosystem model analysis of H. scabra. However, it is also well known that OCR and AER of sea cucumbers are strongly influenced by various factors, such as temperature, salinity and nutritional conditions (Yang et al 2006, Yu et al 2012, Zamora & Jeffs 2012. Measurements of metabolic rates under various temperature and salinity conditions should be further conducted to develop highly reproducible ecosystem models and design an effective polyculture method for shrimp and H. scabra.…”

“…Although it is difficult to directly compare these metabolic indicators among different species since there are various factors modifying metabolic rates, such as the temperature, salinity and nutritional condition of the animals (Yang et al 2006, Yu et al 2012, Zamora & Jeffs 2012, the OCR and AER of H. scabra obtained in this study were comparable to those in previous studies for sea cucumbers, such as Stichopus japonicus (Yang et al 2006), Holothuria leucospilota (Yu et al 2012), Holothuria atra (Mukai et al 1989), Australstichopus mollis (Zamora & Jeffs 2012), Scotoplanes globsa (Smith 1983), as well as H. scabra (Mukai et al 1989). The bodyweight specific oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion rates of other animals, including shrimps and fish, generally slightly exceed those of sea cucumbers (Beamish 1964, Bray et al 1988, Cai & Summerfelt 1992, Carvalho & Pham 1997, Mukai et al 1989, Walker et al 2009, Weymouth et al 1944) perhaps due to the sedentary and inactive nature of sea cucumbers.…”

“…These parameters have been studied for several species of sea cucumber, including Stichopus japonicus (Yang et al 2006), Holothuria leucospilota (Yu et al 2012), Holothuria atra (Mukai et al 1989), Australstichopus mollis (Zamora & Jeffs 2012) and Scotoplanes globsa (Smith 1983). Although there has also been a study on H. scabra (Mukai et al 1989), it only involved a small range of body weights, and information is lacking on the effect of body size on these physiological parameters.…”