Effects of salt stress on plant growth, stomatal response and solute accumulation of different maize genotypes

Neto, André Dias de Azevedo; Prisco, José Tarquı́nio; Enéas-Filho, Joaquim; Lacerda, Claudivan Feitosa de; Silva, José Vieira; Costa, Paulo; Gomes-Filho, Enéas

doi:10.1590/s1677-04202004000100005

Cited by 152 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Moreover, salt stress not only reduces potassium uptake rates but, to a greater extent, disturbs potassium translocation from root to shoot tissues in maize leading to lower potassium shoot contents than root contents (Shahzad et al 2012). Reduced potassium content was observed in maize leaves under salt stress; however, in certain genotypes, no reduction in root potassium content was observed (de Azevedo Neto et al 2004). Net uptake of potassium is dependent on potassium concentration in the root medium and root potassium status, and inhibition in potassium translocation is usually higher at low potassium contents under salt stress (Botelia et al 1997).…”

Section: Mineral Uptake and Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Farooq

Hussain

Wakeel

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

587

383

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Maize is grown under a wide spectrum of soil and climatic conditions. Maize is moderately sensitive to salt stress; therefore, soil salinity is a serious threat to its production worldwide. Understanding maize response to salt stress and resistance mechanisms and overviewing management options may help to devise strategies for improved maize performance in saline environments. Here, we reviewed the effects, resistance mechanisms, and management of salt stress in maize. Our main conclusions are as follows: (1) germination and stand establishment are more sensitive to salt stress than later developmental stages. (2) High rhizosphere sodium and chloride decrease plant uptake of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron. (3) Reduced grain weight and number are responsible for low grain yield in maize under salt stress. Sink limitations and reduced acid invertase activity in developing grains is responsible for poor kernel setting under salt stress. (4) Exclusion of excessive sodium or its compartmentation into vacuoles is an important adaptive strategy for maize under salt stress. (5) Apoplastic acidification, required for cell wall extensibility, is an important indicator of salt resistance, but not essential for better maize growth under salt stress. (6) Upregulation of antioxidant defense genes and β-expansin proteins is important for salt resistance in maize. (7) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve salt resistance in maize due to better plant nutrient availability. (8) Seed priming is an effective approach for improving maize germination under salt stress. (9) Integration of screening, breeding and ion homeostasis mechanisms into a functional paradigm for the whole plant may help to enhance salt resistance in maize.

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Section: Mineral Uptake and Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Farooq

Hussain

Wakeel

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

587

383

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Diferentemente do que foi observado neste trabalho, o aumento do suprimento de NO 3 -pôde reduzir a concentração de Na + tanto na parte aérea quanto na raiz da halófita Tamarix laxa, em condições de salinidade (Ding et al, 2010). O Na + acumulou-se preferencialmente nas raízes das plantas de milho submetidas à salinidade, fato que já foi observado anteriormente (Azevedo Neto et al, 2004), demonstrando a capacidade dessa espécie em controlar o transporte de Na + para os tecidos fotossintéticos. De acordo com Munns (2002), plantas tolerantes aos sais possuem baixas taxas de transporte de Na + e Cl -para a parte aérea, sendo ainda capazes de compartimentar esses íons no vacúolo, prevenindo o acú-mulo deles no citoplasma e evitando a toxicidade pelos sais.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Adicionalmente, a relação K + /Na + pode ser considerada um critério de seleção de materiais sensíveis e tolerantes aos sais (Flowers, 2004;Parida e Das, 2005). O comprometimento do estado nutricional das plantas, em termos de K + , pelo aumento da absorção de Na + , sob estresse salino, é um fenômeno bastante conhecido (Azevedo Neto et al, 2004;Alvarez-Pizarro et al, 2009), mas não foi evidente neste estudo.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Por meio de alguns estudos, verifi ca-se que a prolina e outros aminoácidos desempenham importante papel no balanço osmó-tico de células sob estresse salino e hídrico, além de estabilizar estruturas subcelulares (membranas e proteínas) sob condições de estresse (Parida e Das, 2005). O acúmulo desses compostos em plantas sob estresse salino vem sendo proposto como marcador fi siológico durante a seleção para tolerância à salinidade (Azevedo Neto et al, 2004;, contudo, neste trabalho, as variações nos teores de N-aminossolúveis e prolina não foram sufi cientes para predizer o papel desses compostos na resposta das plantas de milho à salinidade. No canto superior esquerdo, estão representados os valores de F para salinidade (F S ), nitrato (F N ) e interação entre salinidade e nitrato (F S × N ).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Alguns estudos têm revelado que o aumento da fertilização nitrogenada pode reduzir os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino e promover o crescimento das plantas (Ebert et al, 2002;Barhoumi et al, 2010). Esse processo ocorre porque nessas condições há maior acúmulo de compostos orgânicos contendo N (por exemplo, prolina, aminoácidos livres e glicinabetaí-na) (Munns e Tester, 2008), os quais associados ao nitrato em excesso no vacúolo baixam o potencial osmótico da planta, contribuindo diretamente para o ajustamento osmótico (Miller et al, 2007;Ding et al, 2010 O milho (Zea mays L.) é uma espécie considerada moderadamente sensível ao excesso de sais no solo (Maas e Hoffman, 1977) e o efeito da salinidade sobre o crescimento e o acúmulo de íons e solutos orgânicos nessa espécie já é bem documentado (Abd-El Baki et al, 2000;Azevedo Neto et al, 2004;Azevedo Neto et al, 2009;Carpici et al, 2010). Contudo, estudos sobre a interação entre salinidade e N-NO 3 -são escassos nessa espécie e bastante relevantes, visto que o N é o nutriente mineral mais exigido por essa cultura (Machado et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Nitrato modula os teores de cloreto e compostos nitrogenados em plantas de milho submetidas à salinidade

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ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito do nitrato no crescimento e no acúmulo de solutos inorgânicos e orgâ-nicos em plantas de milho submetidas à salinidade. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, sob esquema fatorial 2×4, constando de oito tratamentos: dois níveis de salinidade (NaCl a 0 e 75 mM) e quatro concentrações de NO 3 -(0,5; 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 mM) em sistema hidropônico. A massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes foi reduzida pela salinidade, porém isso foi menos evidente quando as plantas foram submetidas a concentrações de NO 3 -abaixo de 2,5 mM. O melhor crescimento das plantas foi observado na concentração aproximada de NO 3 -a 5,0 mM. Os teores de Na + e Cl -aumentaram com a salinidade em todos os órgãos estudados, havendo maior acúmulo desses íons nas raízes. De modo geral, os teores de K + foram pouco afetados por esse estresse. Com o aumento da concentração de NO 3 -no meio, houve melhora na absorção desse íon, levando à redução da absorção de Cl -e ao acúmulo de prolina e N-aminossolúveis. O estresse nutricional é mais limitante ao crescimento das plantas de milho que o estresse salino, cujos efeitos prejudiciais são minimizados por uma nutrição de NO 3 -adequada.Palavras-chave: estresse salino, nitrogênio, solutos inorgânicos e orgânicos, Zea mays. Nitrate modulates the contents of chloride and N-compounds in maize plants under salinity AbstractThis work aimed to study the effect of nitrate (NO 3 -) on growth and accumulation of inorganic and organic solutes in maize plants subjected to salinity. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with five replications, and a 2×4 factorial scheme, consisting of eight treatments: two salinity levels (NaCl at 0 or 75 mM) and four different concentrations of NO 3 -(0.5, 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 mM) in nutrient solution. The dry mass of shoots and roots was reduced by salinity, however, this was less evident when plants were exposed to concentrations of NO 3 -below 2.5 mM. The best growth was observed in the approximate concentration of 5.0 mM NO 3 -. The Na + and Cl -contents increased with salinity in all organs studied, and the highest accumulation of these ions was observed in the roots. In general, the K + content was not severely affected by this stress. With the increase of NO 3 -concentration in the medium, there was an improvement in the absorption of this ion, leading to reduced uptake of Cl -and the accumulation of proline and soluble amino acids. Nutritional stress is more limiting to plant growth of maize than the salt stress, with harmful effects being alleviated by an adequate nutrition of NO 3 -.

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Mesoporous water adsorbent materials were prepared by high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) technique: a technique which used aqueous phase (water phase) as a temporary template (in the form of droplets) and oil phase (polymer phase) as a continuous structure. This research describes the preparation of porous poly[S/ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA)]HIPE from styrene crosslinked with EGDMA. Effects of chemical composition on the pores of the mesoporous adsorbents were investigated. The EGDMA concentration was varied between 0 and 40% of oil phase by total volume to give polyHIPE with various amounts of hydroxyl groups. Effects of oil: aqueous phase ratio on mesoporous adsorbent polyHIPEs resulted in interconnected pores in their morphology. The EGDMA concentration also affected the obtained polyHIPE morphology. The water adsorption of poly(S/EGDMA)HIPE gave high water adsorption, up to 350% of dry weight. The obtained polyHIPE with large average pore size were also found to give high water adsorption capacity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45509.

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Effects of salt stress on plant growth, stomatal response and solute accumulation of different maize genotypes

Cited by 152 publications

References 22 publications

Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Nitrato modula os teores de cloreto e compostos nitrogenados em plantas de milho submetidas à salinidade

Mesoporous water adsorbent material from poly high internal phase emulsion for agriculture application

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