Effects of sample width and inclined angle on flame spread across expanded polystyrene surface in plateau and plain environments

An, Weiguang; Huang, Xinjie; Wang, Qingsong; Zhang, Ying; Sun, Jinhua; Liew, K.M.; Wang, Hui; Xiao, Huahua

doi:10.1177/0892705713486132

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The steady spread means steady heat transfer and basically unchanged preheating length. In addition, the preheating length for downward flame spread in this work is much shorter than that of upward flame spread . This is attributed to the less heat transfer of downward flame spread.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…In addition, the preheating length for downward flame spread in this work is much shorter than that of upward flame spread. 38 This is attributed to the less heat transfer of downward flame spread. As the flame adheres to the façade during downward flame spread, the radiant heat flux of the flame is smaller due to the smaller radiant view factor.…”

Section: Thermal Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on downward flame spread over extruded polystyrene foam in a vertical channel: Influence of opening area

Yin

Chen

et al. 2018

Fire and Materials

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Summary Experimental methods and theoretical analysis are employed to investigate effects of channel opening area on downward flame spread characteristics of extruded polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation materials on building facade. The average flame height first drops and then rises as dimensionless opening area (the ratio of sidewall opening area to sidewall area, ie, S*) increases. As S* rises, both the average and maximum temperature of the curtain wall decrease, and the decreasing of the average temperature is linear. XPS surface temperature history can be divided into four stages, ie, inapparent rising stage (preheating), significant rising stage (melting), dropping stage (pyrolysis), and rerising stage (ignition). The preheating length first rises and then drops as S* increases. The XPS flame spreads steadily at the early period while acceleration occurs at the later period. For different opening areas, the difference in spread distance history is not apparent in the early stage while this difference is significant in the later stage. The flame spread rate (Vf) first increases and then decreases as S* rises. A downward flame spread model for XPS in vertical channel with openings is built. The varied trend of Vf predicted using this model corresponds to the experimental result.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Thermal Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on downward flame spread over extruded polystyrene foam in a vertical channel: Influence of opening area

Yin

Chen

et al. 2018

Fire and Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…What is more, to analyze the variation of flame size, flame height is quantified. Because of the fluctuating characteristic of flame, flame height is defined as the perpendicular distance from the rear surface of sample to flame tip, where 50% of the flame tip appears …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To clear out the variations of flame characteristics of PMMA and PE cylinders during the horizontal flame spread process in elevated pressures, the flame appearance and flame height are analyzed.In this study, the change of flame appearance is reflected in the aspects of flame structure, color, and molten characteristic. What is more, to analyze the variation of flame size, flame height is quantified.Because of the fluctuating characteristic of flame, flame height is defined as the perpendicular distance from the rear surface of sample to flame tip, where 50% of the flame tip appears 14.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on flame spread along fuel cylinders in high pressures

et al. 2019

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Summary Flame spread over solid fuels in high‐pressure situations, such as nuclear containment shells during a pressurized period, has potential to result in catastrophic disaster, thus requiring further knowledge. This paper experimentally reveals the flame spread behaviors over fuel cylinders in high pressures. Polyethylene and polymethyl‐methacrylate cylinders with the diameter of 4.0 mm are used in this study. Ambient gas is air, and total pressures are varied from naturally normal pressure (100 kPa) to elevated pressure (500 kPa). Flame characteristics including flame appearance and flame size and burning rate and flame spread rate are investigated. Results show that in high pressure, the flame appearance is significantly affected. As the pressure increases, the blue flame disappeared, and the color of flame tip changes from luminous yellow to orange as well the orange part extends down towards the base of flame. The dimensionless flame height increases with pressure for pressure below 150 kPa and then decreases with pressure above that level. The burning rates show increasing trend with pressure and are proportional to P0.6 and P0.79 for polymethyl‐methacrylate and polyethylene, respectively. Besides, flame spread rates for polymethyl‐methacrylate and polyethylene both were found to be proportional to P0.5.

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“…Previous studies have shown that reduced pressure can lead to completely different fire dynamics and changes in combustion characteristics such as burning rate, flame spreading, physical morphology of the flame and flame temperature. 2–3 Therefore, we hypothesized that the burning mechanism of PUR at high altitudes could best be understood using a pool fire combustion model taking into account effects of pressure variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of low ambient pressure on fire risks associated with rigid polyurethane building façade insulation under various width constructions

Zeng

et al. 2018

Indoor and Built Environment

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The fire risk associated with the use of rigid polyurethane foam (PUR) as thermal insulation material in building façades was investigated. To assess the effect of ambient pressure, the combustion of PUR boards was examined at both Lhasa (with an ambient pressure of 66.5 kPa) and Hefei (99.8 kPa) in China, utilizing pool fire theory. The effects of pressure and sample width on important combustion parameters were analysed including flame spreading rate, flame height and mass loss rate. Effects of pressure on the combustion mechanism of the PUR were determined based on resulting data. The mass loss rate at lower pressure was found to be slower and unique, and relatively stable melting-flowing pool fire flame front was observed. In this respect, the combustion behaviour of PUR was different to that of other solid fuels commonly applied to building façades. Data obtained at the lower pressure using various widths showed that the average flame spreading rate was proportional to the pressure raised to an exponent ranging from 0.47 to 0.73. This result is similar to trends normally observed when the burning rate is largely driven by radiative heat transfer. The flame height was only minimally affected by pressure but increased with increases in the sample width. Finally, a linear relationship was determined between the pressure index values obtained from plots of flame height versus pressure and the sample width.

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Effects of sample width and inclined angle on flame spread across expanded polystyrene surface in plateau and plain environments

Cited by 43 publications

References 22 publications

Study on downward flame spread over extruded polystyrene foam in a vertical channel: Influence of opening area

Study on downward flame spread over extruded polystyrene foam in a vertical channel: Influence of opening area

Experimental study on flame spread along fuel cylinders in high pressures

An analysis of low ambient pressure on fire risks associated with rigid polyurethane building façade insulation under various width constructions

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