Effects of Sampling Conditions and Environmental Factors on Fecal Volatile Organic Compound Analysis by an Electronic Nose Device

Berkhout, Daniel J. C.; Benninga, Marc A.; Stein, Ruby M. van; Brinkman, Paul; Niemarkt, Hendrik J.; Boer, Nanne K. H. de; Meij, Tim G. J. de

doi:10.3390/s16111967

Cited by 29 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Fecal VOC analysis was performed using an electronic nose device (Cyranose 320, Smiths detection, Pasadena, CA). Sampling and measurement conditions were in accordance with the methods described in previous studies on fecal VOC analysis conducted by our research group (10,12,(16)(17)(18). In summary, approximately 0.2 g feces was transferred into a 3 ml sealed vacutainer (BD vacutainer, Belliver Industrial Estate, Plymouth, UK) and gradually heated to room temperature for 30 min, allowing fecal VOCs to fill the headspace.…”

Section: Fecal Voc Analysis By Electronic Nosementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with alterations in fecal volatile organic compounds

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs), obtained by means of an electronic nose device (Cyranose 320), as early non-invasive biomarker for BPD.MethodsIn this nested case-control study performed at three Neonatal Intensive Care Units, fecal samples obtained at postnatal age of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days from preterm infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were compared with fecal VOC profiles from matched controls. Microbiota analysis was performed by means of IS-pro technique on fecal samples collected at 28 days postnatally.ResultsVOC profiles of infants developing severe BPD (n=15) could be discriminated from matched controls (n=15) at postnatal age of 14 days (area under the curve (±95% confidence interval), P-value, sensitivity, specificity; 0.72 (0.54-0.90), 0.040, 60.0%, 73.3%), 21 days (0.71 (0.52-0.90), 0.049, 66.7%, 73.3%) and 28 days (0.77 (0.59-0.96), 0.017, 69.2%, 69.2%) but not at 7 days. Intestinal microbiota did not differ between BPD subjects and controls.ConclusionFecal VOC profiles of infants developing BPD could be differentiated from controls at postnatal day 14, 21, and 28. VOC differences could not be directed to intestinal microbiota alterations but presumably reflect local and systemic metabolic and inflammatory pathways associated with BPD.

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Section: Fecal Voc Analysis By Electronic Nosementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with alterations in fecal volatile organic compounds

et al. 2017

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“…None of the participating centers administered probiotics routinely. The current study was nested in an ongoing study on the identification of early diagnostic biomarkers for NEC and LOS [9]. In that study, fecal samples and clinical data were collected (if applicable on a daily base) from infants born at a GA ≤30 weeks, up to 28 days’ postnatal age (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Late-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants: A Multicenter Case-Control Study

et al. 2019

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Background: Late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Timely recognition and initiation of antibiotics are important factors for improved outcomes. Identification of risk factors could allow selection of infants at an increased risk for LOS. Objectives: The aim was to identify risk factors for LOS. Methods: In this multicenter case-control study, preterm infants born at ≤30 weeks of gestation were included at 9 neonatal intensive care units. Detailed demographical and clinical data were collected daily up to day 28 postnatally. Clinical and demographic risk factors were identified using univariate and multivariate regression analyses in a 1: 1 matched case-control cohort. Results: In total, 755 infants were included, including 194 LOS cases (41 gram-negative cases, 152 gram-positive cases, and 1 fungus). In the case-control cohort, every additional day of parenteral feeding increased the risk for LOS (adjusted OR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.07–1.55; p = 0.006), whereas antibiotics administration decreased this risk (OR = 0.08; 95% CI 0.01–0.88; p = 0.039). These findings could largely be attributed to specific LOS-causative pathogens, since these predictive factors could be identified for gram-positive, but not for gram-negative, LOS cases. Specifically cephalosporins administration prior to clinical onset was inversely related to coagulase-negative staphylococcus LOS (CoNS-LOS) development. Formula feeding was an independent risk factor for development of CoNS-LOS (OR = 3.779; 95% CI 1.257–11.363; p = 0.018). Conclusion: The length of parenteral feeding was associated with LOS, whereas breastmilk administration was protective against CoNS-LOS. A rapid advancement of enteral feeding, preferably with breastmilk, may proportionally reduce the number of parenteral feeding days and consequently the risk for LOS.

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“…The scats were collected using one container per individual and were kept frozen until use. We cannot exclude the possibility that freezing the fox scat altered its compounds (Berkhout et al, 2016), but assumed that this effect was constant on all samples. We used scat from one individual per area to avoid pseudoreplication (Kroodsma, Byers, Goodale, Johnson, & Liu, 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Better safe than sorry: The response to a simulated predator and unfamiliar scent by the European hare

2020

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Predator presence can create a “landscape of fear,” which is defined as the spatially explicit distribution of perceived predation risk as seen by prey. Prey species can alter their behavior and space use as a response to increased predation risk, which might be traded off with energetic requirements. Thus, whether or not an anti‐predator behavior is performed might depend on the perceived risk. In this study, we investigated the behavioral and spatial response of the European hare (Lepus europaeus) toward the presence of a predator scent, using red fox (Vulpes vulpes) scat, an unfamiliar control scent (butyric acid), and a true control (no scent). We collected data on hare activity times and behavior using 50 camera trap locations and spatial data using GPS telemetry (30,481 GPS positions of 12 hares). Hares showed spatial anti‐predator behaviors within their home range, for example, the local avoidance of areas treated with scent and remaining further from field edges, in response to sympatric predator scent and partly also in response to unfamiliar butyric acid. Conversely, more costly anti‐predator behaviors, that is, increased vigilance at the expense of foraging, were only shown in response to the predator scent. Our results suggest that prey species respond flexibly toward scent cues, utilizing less costly anti‐predator behaviors independent of the perceived threat, whereas costly anti‐predator responses are only used in the presence of “real” threat. Further, our findings emphasize that a combination of camera trap and GPS data can provide detailed information on animal behavior and space use, and caution that interpretation of one data source alone might lead to incomplete conclusions.

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Effects of Sampling Conditions and Environmental Factors on Fecal Volatile Organic Compound Analysis by an Electronic Nose Device

Cited by 29 publications

References 51 publications

Development of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with alterations in fecal volatile organic compounds

Development of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with alterations in fecal volatile organic compounds

Risk Factors for Late-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants: A Multicenter Case-Control Study

Better safe than sorry: The response to a simulated predator and unfamiliar scent by the European hare

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