Effects of scallop dredging on temperate reef fauna

Hinz, Hilmar; Tarrant, D.; Ridgeway, A.; Kaiser, Michel J.; Hiddink, Jan Geert

doi:10.3354/meps09166

Cited by 23 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Survey work by Hinz et al [20], which took place a year before the statutory instrument was introduced found no difference of P. maximus abundance between fished and non-fished treatments. The present study also found no difference in P. maximus abundance between all four treatments in 2008, but by 2011 abundance was significantly greater in the new closure than all other treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is important to note that the main target species of the excluded fishery, the commercially valuable great scallop P. maximus (DEFRA, 2012) was also found to be in a state of recovery inside the MPA despite a previous study concluding that scallops were not affected by bottom fishing in Lyme Bay [20]. Survey work by Hinz et al [20], which took place a year before the statutory instrument was introduced found no difference of P. maximus abundance between fished and non-fished treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Recovery of a Temperate Reef Assemblage in a Marine Protected Area following the Exclusion of Towed Demersal Fishing

Sheehan¹,

Stevens

Gall³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Marine Protected Areas MPA have been widely used over the last 2 decades to address human impacts on marine habitats within an ecosystem management context. Few studies have quantified recovery of temperate rocky reef communities following the cessation of scallop dredging or demersal trawling. This is critical information for the future management of these habitats to contribute towards conservation and fisheries targets.The Lyme Bay MPA, in south west UK, has excluded towed demersal fishing gear from 206 km2 of sensitive reef habitat using a Statutory Instrument since July 2008.To assess benthic recovery in this MPA we used a flying video array to survey macro epi-benthos annually from 2008 to 2011. 4 treatments (the New Closure, previously voluntarily Closed Controls and Near or Far Open to fishing Controls) were sampled to test a recovery hypothesis that was defined as ‘the New Closure becoming more similar to the Closed Controls and less similar to the Open Controls’.Following the cessation of towed demersal fishing, within three years positive responses were observed for species richness, total abundance, assemblage composition and seven of 13 indicator taxa. Definitive evidence of recovery was noted for species richness and three of the indicator taxa (Pentapora fascialis, Phallusia mammillata and Pecten maximus).While it is hoped that MPAs, which exclude anthropogenic disturbance, will allow functional restoration of goods and services provided by benthic communities, it is an unknown for temperate reef systems. Establishing the likely timescales for restoration is key to future marine management. We demonstrate the early stages of successful recruitment and link these to the potential wider ecosystem benefits including those to commercial fisheries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recovery of a Temperate Reef Assemblage in a Marine Protected Area following the Exclusion of Towed Demersal Fishing

Sheehan¹,

Stevens

Gall³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…() assessed differences in the size and abundance of nine species under different levels of protection and previous fishing activity. The same nine species were studied herein (Hinz et al., ) with a view to recording changes in the size and abundance of these species with time (Figure ). The species included; the nationally protected pink sea fan Eunicella verrucosa (Pallas, 1766), branched sponge Axinella dissimilis (Bowerbank) , dead men's fingers Alcyonium digitatum (L.) , Ross corals Pentapora foliacea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) and white sea squirts Phallusia mammillata (Cuvier, 1815).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the 2007 surveys, previous fishing effort was determined, using high‐resolution track plots continuously recorded from fishermen's chart plotter data conducted between 2000 and 2006 (Hinz et al., ). This information was voluntarily provided by fishermen from five scallop dredge boats in the area, accounting for approximately 12% of the local fleet, and was considered representative of effort distribution by the South West Inshore Fishermen's Association.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marine protected areas are of particular value as conservation tools when they are used to limit (or remove) activities that directly threaten particular seabed habitats or sessile species associated with those habitats (Hinz, Tarrant, Ridgeway, Kaiser, & Hiddink, ; Sheehan, Cousens, et al., ; Sheehan, Stevens, Gall, Cousens, & Attrill, ). The implementation and design of effective MPAs requires a multi‐disciplinary approach, together with an understanding of the ecological and life‐history traits of the protected species, physical environment and natural disturbance regime (Claudet et al., ; Sciberras et al., ; Stewart et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery linked to life history of sessile epifauna following exclusion of towed mobile fishing gear

Kaiser

Hormbrey

Booth

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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The use of reserves as conservation tools is widespread. However, evaluating the effectiveness of reserve implementation for long‐lived species has been problematic as it requires sampling programmes over long timescales that are appropriate to species' longevity and recovery rates. In the sea, towed bottom fishing gears alter the biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by benthic communities and habitats. Marine reserves have been used to manage these impacts but our understanding of the drivers of their effectiveness for the conservation of temperate reefs is incomplete. We examined the effectiveness of marine reserves for recovery of temperate reef fauna in relation to their life history. We used an underwater video to sample six species with different life histories across 60 sites that varied in the duration of protection from towed mobile fishing gear at 0, 1, 8 and 10 years. Species with a high dispersal potential and less habitat specific requirements such as soft corals and king scallops recovered to close to their carrying capacity in <3 years. In contrast, the longer‐lived Ross coral and pink seafans increased in abundance but had not fully recovered; with their projected recovery time being 17–20 years. Ongoing recovery was evident for long‐lived species as their mean body size increased significantly across all treatments, whereas shorter‐lived species such as queen scallops did not change in size and were assumed to have fully recovered. Synthesis and applications. This study shows that the recovery rates of biota depend on life‐history factors, such as larval longevity and dispersal potential. Recovery for species that had low dispersal potential and specific habitat requirements was slow and could take >20 years. This suggests activities such as bottom trawling or dredging should be avoided where such species occur if their conservation is an objective. In contrast, species with high dispersal potential and less habitat specific requirements had shorter recovery timescales of c. 2‐3 years and would be more amenable to managed trawl frequencies in areas where activities such as fishing occur.

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Estimating fishery effects in a marine protected area: Lamlash Bay

Boulcott

Stirling

Clarke

et al. 2018

Aquatic Conservation

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Marine managers are looking increasingly to marine protected areas (MPAs) to deliver benefits to fisheries; however, many of these MPAs have been established in order to address specific conservation objectives unrelated to fisheries management. This paper describes a small no‐take zone (NTZ) set up in the Clyde, Scotland, for conservation purposes, and examines its effect on the abundance of two commercially fished scallops, Pecten maximus and Aequipecten opercularis, 5 years after closure. Scallop fishing immediately outside the NTZ has continued since this closure, although at lower intensities, with overall landings in the Clyde and landings per unit area rising until 2013, suggesting a slight increase in regional abundance. There was neither a significant increase in adult scallop abundance within the NTZ nor evidence of the dispersal of adults into surrounding areas. Transient dynamics and the small size of the NTZ may have played a role in the lack of demonstrable scallop recovery. The practice of ‘selling’ small conservation MPAs in terms of meeting wider fisheries objectives is discussed in light of this result.

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Effects of scallop dredging on temperate reef fauna

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Recovery of a Temperate Reef Assemblage in a Marine Protected Area following the Exclusion of Towed Demersal Fishing

Recovery of a Temperate Reef Assemblage in a Marine Protected Area following the Exclusion of Towed Demersal Fishing

Recovery linked to life history of sessile epifauna following exclusion of towed mobile fishing gear

Estimating fishery effects in a marine protected area: Lamlash Bay

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