Effects of Sea-Surface Waves and Ocean Spray on Air–Sea Momentum Fluxes

Zhang, Ting; Song, Jinbao

doi:10.1007/s00376-017-7101-7

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Recent studies of TCs show that including the enhancing effects of sea spray on the enthalpy fluxes improves numerical simulations of TC-observed features (Bao et al, 2000(Bao et al, , 2011He et al, 2018;Ma et al, 2017). Numerical process studies (Garg et al, 2018;T. Zhang & Song, 2018) and laboratory studies (Ortiz-Suslow et al, 2016) also suggest that at wind speeds similar to the PIPERS case, the surface SHF is enhanced by sea spray by a factor of two or more.…”

Section: Sea Spray Previous Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A factor that needed to be considered for this case was the large amount of sea spray that was generated by the high winds over the open water areas. Considerable recent research (e.g., Garg et al, 2018;Ortiz-Suslow et al, 2016;T. Zhang & Song, 2018) has shown that sea spray contributes significantly to the surface enthalpy fluxes in high-wind TCs, and it is reasonable to expect that it would have similar effects over open ocean areas during this case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Inside Katabatic Winds Over the Terra Nova Bay Polynya: 2. Dynamic and Thermodynamic Analyses

Guest

2021

JGR Atmospheres

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Antarctic coastal polynyas (ACPs) occur where air is funneled into valleys and ejected horizontally over adjacent ocean regions, pushing any newly formed sea ice away from the coast. During cold seasons, the exposure of the relatively warm ocean surfaces to the sometimes hurricane-force winds causes great amounts of enthalpy (sensible and latent heat energy) to be lost from the surface of the polynyas, resulting in sea ice formation (e.g., Gordon & Comiso, 1988;Z. Zhang et al., 2015), and brine rejection (Mathiot et al., 2012) which can lead to the creation of deep ocean water masses that circulate throughout the world ocean (Orsi & Wiederwohl, 2009;Rusciano et al., 2013). Although the surface areas of ACPs are relatively small (e.g., Bromwich & Kurtz, 1984), their potential impacts on regional and global climate are significant due to the large amounts of sea ice and dense water that are created within them (Fusco et al., 2009;Gordon, 2001) and the injection of heat and moisture into the atmosphere (Renfrew, 2002).Due to their small size, ACPs are not resolvable by the general circulation models (GCMs) that are used to understand and predict future climate change. Therefore, to quantify the potential impacts of ACPs on global climate and regional ice production, their enthalpy loss and related effects must be simulated using sub-grid scale parameterizations. Typically, these parameterizations of surface fluxes are based on bulk

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Section: Sea Spray Previous Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Inside Katabatic Winds Over the Terra Nova Bay Polynya: 2. Dynamic and Thermodynamic Analyses

Guest

2021

JGR Atmospheres

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“…The wind-wave coupling deepens inflow layer, enhances boundary inflow outside the radius of maximum wind and increases the TC intensity (Lee and Chen 2012). Surface wave breaking during TCs also causes a large number of sea spray droplets (Zhang et al 2011(Zhang et al , 2012 in whitecaps and whipping spumes from the tips of waves, which is believed to significantly influence momentum transfer and contributes to the drag coefficient levelling off (or decreasing) at high wind speeds during a TC (Powell et al 2003;Donelan 2004;Soloviev et al 2014;Zhang and Song, 2018). Sea spray also influences the air-sea heat flux (Andreas and Mahrt 2016;He et al 2018;Sun et al 2019).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper ocean response to tropical cyclones: a review

Zhang

et al. 2021

Geosci. Lett.

101

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Tropical cyclones (TCs) are strong natural hazards that are important for local and global air–sea interactions. This manuscript briefly reviews the knowledge about the upper ocean responses to TCs, including the current, surface wave, temperature, salinity and biological responses. TCs usually cause upper ocean near-inertial currents, increase strong surface waves, cool the surface ocean, warm subsurface ocean, increase sea surface salinity and decrease subsurface salinity, causing plankton blooms. The upper ocean response to TCs is controlled by TC-induced mixing, advection and surface flux, which usually bias to the right (left) side of the TC track in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. The upper ocean response usually recovers in several days to several weeks. The characteristics of the upper ocean response mainly depend on the TC parameters (e.g. TC intensity, translation speed and size) and environmental parameters (e.g. ocean stratification and eddies). In recent decades, our knowledge of the upper ocean response to TCs has improved because of the development of observation methods and numerical models. More processes of the upper ocean response to TCs can be studied by researchers in the future.

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“…Before examining the efficacy of H s predictions with observations, the CS and SCS model-computed H s are first examined with buoy-measured wind speeds for the hurricanes collated in Table 2. As is well-known and understood, atmospheric forcing on the ocean surface leads to the generation and growth of surface gravity waves where waves may then either enter equilibrium or disequilibrium with the wind field, leading to a host of physical processes being maintained, suppressed, and/or enhanced during these air-sea interactions (e.g., Ayet et al, 2020;Babanin et al, 2018;Bailey et al, 2020;Sun et al, 2019;Zhang & Song, 2018). Understanding these processes has led to parameterizations used to increase the accuracy of numerical models (Kalourazi et al, 2021;Soloviev et al, 2014;Sun et al, 2019).…”

Section: Model Validation Error Analysis and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%