Effects of Second Language Proficiency and Linguistic Uncertainty on Recognition of Speech in Native and Nonnative Competing Speech

Francis, Alexander L.; Tigchelaar, Laura J.; Zhang, Rongrong; Zekveld, Adriana A.

doi:10.1044/2018_jslhr-h-17-0254

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In most research, the obstacles that interfere with achieving listening tasks generally consist of factors that reduce speech intelligibility, whether that is hearing impairment (Pichora‐Fuller et al, ; Shinn‐Cunningham & Best, ), noise masking (Zekveld, Kramer, & Festen, ), listening in a second language (Borghini & Hazan, ; Francis, Tigchelaar, Zhang, & Zekveld, ), a talker's unfamiliar accent (Van Engen & Peelle, ), or other nonstandard phonetic properties of target speech (Francis et al, ; Nagle & Eadie, ; Winn et al, ). In addition, some work also considers challenges that arise in comprehension of or memory for the message (Piquado, Isaacowitz, & Wingfield, ; Wingfield, ).…”

Section: Defining Listening Effortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listening effort: Are we measuring cognition or affect, or both?

Francis

Love

2019

WIRES Cognitive Science

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Listening effort is increasingly recognized as a factor in communication, particularly for and with nonnative speakers, for the elderly, for individuals with hearing impairment and/or for those working in noise. However, as highlighted by McGarrigle et al., International Journal of Audiology, 2014, 53, 433–445, the term “listening effort” encompasses a wide variety of concepts, including the engagement and control of multiple possibly distinct neural systems for information processing, and the affective response to the expenditure of those resources in a given context. Thus, experimental or clinical methods intended to objectively quantify listening effort may ultimately reflect a complex interaction between the operations of one or more of those information processing systems, and/or the affective and motivational response to the demand on those systems. Here we examine theoretical, behavioral, and psychophysiological factors related to resolving the question of what we are measuring, and why, when we measure “listening effort.” This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain Psychology > Theory and Methods Psychology > Attention Psychology > Emotion and Motivation

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Section: Defining Listening Effortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listening effort: Are we measuring cognition or affect, or both?

Francis

Love

2019

WIRES Cognitive Science

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“…Using acoustically degraded speech, it has been demonstrated that the pupil response increases systematically as speech becomes less intelligible (Zekveld, Kramer, & Festen, 2010;Zekveld & Kramer, 2014). Additionally, for Dutch-English bilingual listeners, pupil response for 50% intelligible English (i.e., L2) speech is greater when presented in English babble than in Dutch babble, and is greater when the speaker's language is not known in advance (i.e., when trials are randomized as opposed to blocked; Francis, Tigchelaar, Zhang, & Zekveld, 2018). Porretta and Tucker (2019) examined the effect of intelligibility using L2-accented speech, demonstrating for isolated words that there is greater and more sustained pupil response for unintelligible accented speech than intelligible accented speech.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task-evoked pupil response for accurately-recognized accented speech

McLaughlin¹,

Engen²

2019

Preprint

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Unfamiliar second-language (L2) accents present a common challenge to speech understanding. However, the extent to which accurately-recognized unfamiliar L2-accented speech imposes a greater cognitive load than native speech remains unclear. The current study used pupillometry to assess cognitive load for native English listeners during the perception of intelligible Mandarin Chinese-accented English and American-accented English. Results showed greater pupil response (indicating greater cognitive load) for the unfamiliar L2-accented speech. These findings indicate that the mismatches between unfamiliar L2-accented speech and native listeners’ linguistic representations impose greater cognitive load even when recognition accuracy is at ceiling.

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“…Post-peak pupil dilation can lend insight on the difficulties of processing speech in a native or nonnative language. For example, in a study by Francis et al (2018) involving native speakers of Dutch who also spoke English, post-peak pupil dilation was lowest when both the target and masker were speaking Dutch, suggesting that a native language might be easier to both attend and ignore. That post-peak dilation level increased when the masker was speaking English, increased more when the target speech was English, and increased most of all when both the target and masker were speaking English.…”

Section: Dilations After Listeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Scales and Moments of Listening Effort Revealed in Pupillometry

Winn

2023

Semin Hear

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This article offers a collection of observations that highlight the value of time course data in pupillometry and points out ways in which these observations create deeper understanding of listening effort. The main message is that listening effort should be considered on a moment-to-moment basis rather than as a singular amount. A review of various studies and the reanalysis of data reveal distinct signatures of effort before a stimulus, during a stimulus, in the moments after a stimulus, and changes over whole experimental testing sessions. Collectively these observations motivate questions that extend beyond the “amount” of effort, toward understanding how long the effort lasts, and how precisely someone can allocate effort at specific points in time or reduce effort at other times. Apparent disagreements between studies are reconsidered as informative lessons about stimulus selection and the nature of pupil dilation as a reflection of decision making rather than the difficulty of sensory encoding.

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Effects of Second Language Proficiency and Linguistic Uncertainty on Recognition of Speech in Native and Nonnative Competing Speech

Cited by 19 publications

References 57 publications

Listening effort: Are we measuring cognition or affect, or both?

Listening effort: Are we measuring cognition or affect, or both?

Task-evoked pupil response for accurately-recognized accented speech

Time Scales and Moments of Listening Effort Revealed in Pupillometry

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