Effects of Selected Sequencing Factors on the Catching Process of Elementary School Children

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of selected sequencing factors on childrens’ catching in the developmental task analyses concept proposed separately by Morris (1976, 1980) and Herkowitz (1978). Process scores on Cashin’s Catching Test (1974) were obtained for 15 males and 15 females at ages 6, 8, and 10 years (n = 90). The design included three conditions each for ball size, height of interception, and distance of catch. ANOVA results indicated that no significant differences occurred for process scores as a function of ball size. Significant differences occurred for (a) height of interception with chest catches highest, then waist height, then knee height catches; (b) distance of catch with more effective catches occurring for shorter distances; (c) gender in favor of males for height of interception and distance of catch; and (d) age with superior scores as age increased. These results support the developmental task analysis concept although age had a greater effect on catching process than did any other factor alone.

Phylogeny, speciation, and palaeoecology of the Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) conodont genus Mestognathus

“…Mestognathus is placed, by our interpretation, in symmetry Class Ilia of Lane (1968). Mestognathus did not, in our view, ever exist as unpaired platform elements, as implied by Druce (1973) and Belka (1983) in placing this genus in symmetry Class IV of Lane (1968). Although believed that M. bipluti was unpaired because "the curvature of individual specimens is independent of the inner and outer sides as defined on the size of the parapets", he nevertheless went on to suggest three possibilities that may have existed: Mestognathus elements were not paired, the right and left elements were considerably different, or the different pairs had different directions of curvature.…”

“…These, together with others that are newly applied (or applied in a different manner), are shown in Text-figure 1 . Our most noticeable departure has been in calling the structure labelled the "outer parapet" by and Belka (1983) the "anterior blade" and dividing it into the free and fixed blades. This brings the terminology of the genus into line with that of other cavusgnathoids (cf.…”

“…A and S.l sp. B (considered to be Mestognathus groessensi by Belka, 1983 andVarker andSevastopulo, 1985) were included. Druce, Rhodes, and Austin ( 1 972:62) included these taxa in their groups 5 and 6 but were unable to ascribe any significance to the associations.…”

“…3,4), because e version to a pit apparently does not take place until an even later ontogenetic stage than in the other species of Mestognathus. Mestognathus groessensi Belka, 1983 PI. l,figs.…”

Catch! Movement kinematics of two-handed catching in boys with Developmental Coordination Disorder

“…The frontal camera was placed strategically to enable the experimenters to determine ball release timings and catching success for each trial according to the Cashin Catching Process Scale for children [22]. To ensure the participants had ample opportunity to produce their best performance, the five highest scoring trials (successful catches) were selected for analysis.…”