Effects of selective pressure block of Y-type optic nerve fibers on the receptive-field properties of neurons in area 18 of the visual cortex of the cat

Dreher, Bogdan; Michalski, Andrzej; Cleland, B. G.; Burke, William J.

doi:10.1017/s0952523800006374

Cited by 32 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…Dreher et al 1992;Harvey 1980). Although consistent with Harvey's (1980) report, the proportion of thus-identified binocular neurons among presumptive simple cells (F1/F0 spike-response ratios Ͼ 1; see below) was lower (69/88, 78.5%) than that (36/41, 88%) among presumptive complex cells (F1/F0 spike-response ratios Ͻ 1; see below), the difference between the two groups was not significant (0.2 Ͻ P Ͻ 0.3; df ϭ 1; 2 test, 1-tailed criterion).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase sensitivities, excitatory summation fields, and silent suppressive receptive fields of single neurons in the parastriate cortex of the cat

Romo

Wang

Zeater

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Romo PA, Wang C, Zeater N, Solomon SG, Dreher B. Phase sensitivities, excitatory summation fields, and silent suppressive receptive fields of single neurons in the parastriate cortex of the cat. J Neurophysiol 106: 1688 -1712, 2011. First published June 29, 2011 doi:10.1152/jn.00894.2010We have recorded single-neuron activity from cytoarchitectonic area 18 of anesthetized (0.4 -0.7% isoflurane in 65% N 2 O-35% O 2 gaseous mixture) domestic cats. Neurons were identified as simple or complex on the basis of the ratios between the phase-variant (F1) component and the mean firing rate (F0) of spike responses to optimized (orientation, direction, spatial and temporal frequencies, size) high-contrast, luminance-modulated, sinewave drifting gratings (simple: F1/F0 spike-response ratios Ͼ 1; complex: F1/F0 spike-response ratios Ͻ 1). The predominance (ϳ80%) of simple cells among the neurons recorded from the principal thalamorecipient layers supports the idea that most simple cells in area 18 might constitute a putative early stage in the visual information processing. Apart from the "spike-generating" regions (the classical receptive fields, CRFs), the receptive fields of threequarters of area 18 neurons contain silent, extraclassical suppressive regions (ECRFs). The spatial extent of summation areas of excitatory responses was negatively correlated with the strength of the ECRFinduced suppression of spike responses. Lowering the stimulus contrast resulted in an expansion of the summation areas of excitatory responses accompanied by a reduction in the strength of the ECRFinduced suppression. The spatial and temporal frequency and orientation tunings of the ECRFs were much broader than those of the CRFs. Hence, the ECRFs of area 18 neurons appear to be largely "inherited" from their dorsal thalamic inputs. In most area 18 cells, costimulation of CRFs and ECRFs resulted in significant increases in F1/F0 spike-response ratios, and thus there was a contextually modulated functional continuum between the simple and complex cells. luminance-modulated gratings; simple and complex cells; spatial and temporal properties; classical and extraclassical receptive fields; primary visual cortex HUBEL AND WIESEL (1965) postulated that in the domestic cat, the so-called parastriate cortex (cytoarchitectonic area 18 of Gurewitsch and Chatschaturian 1928; cf. Otsuka and Hässler 1962) constitutes a "higher order" visual cortical area (Fig.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the presence of silent suppressive regions in the receptive fields of at least some of cat area 18 neurons is well established (Camarda 1979;Dreher et al 1992;Hammond and Andrews 1978;Harvey 1980;Hubel and Wiesel 1965;Orban and Callens 1977), the amount of quantitative information about the properties of ECRFs of area 18 neurons is very limited.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phase sensitivities, excitatory summation fields, and silent suppressive receptive fields of single neurons in the parastriate cortex of the cat

Romo

Wang

Zeater

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…In 30 binocular neurons in area 21a, we have determined the optimal velocities for stimuli presented via the Y-blocked eye and those for stimuli presented via the normal eye. While the mean preferred velocity for stimuli presented via the Y-blocked eye was 6 deg/s (±4.35 deg/s), that for the same (0 deg Dreher et al, 1992). In the case of area 17 neurons, almost half (47%) responded optimally at velocities of 5 deg/s or less.…”

Section: Neurons Activated Via the Y-blocked Eyementioning

confidence: 89%

“…The overwhelming majority of area 21a neurons, unlike those in areas 17 (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962) and to a lesser extent area 18 (see for recent reviews Dreher, 1986;Dreher et al, 1992), have C-type (complex) receptive-field organization. This preponderance of C-type cells in area 21a has been reported earlier by Ho and co-workers (1982) as well as more recently by Wimborne and Henry (1992).…”

Section: Receptive-field Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of form and motion in area 21a of cat visual cortex

Dreher

Michalski

et al. 1993

Vis Neurosci

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Extracellular recordings from single neurons have been made from presumed area 21a of the cerebral cortex of the cat, anesthetized with N 2 O/O 2 /sodium pentobarbitone mixture. Area 21a contains mainly a representation of a central horizontal strip of contralateral visual field about 5 deg above and below the horizontal meridian.Excitatory discharge fields of area 21a neurons were substantially (or slightly but significantly) larger than those of neurons at corresponding eccentricities in areas 17, 19, or 18, respectively. About 95% of area 21a neurons could be activated through either eye and the input from the ipsilateral eye was commonly dominant. Over 90% and less than 10% of neurons had, respectively, C-type and S-type receptive-field organization. Virtually all neurons were orientation-selective and the mean width at half-height of the orientation tuning curves at 52.9 deg was not significantly different from that of neurons in areas 17 and 18. About 30% of area 21a neurons had preferred orientations within 15 deg of the vertical.The mean direction-selectivity index (32.8%) of area 21a neurons was substantially lower than the indices for neurons in areas 17 or 18. Only a few neurons exhibited moderately strong end-zone inhibition. Area 21a neurons responded poorly to fast-moving stimuli and the mean preferred velocity at about 12.5 deg/s was not significantly different from that for area 17 neurons.Selective pressure block of Y fibers in contralateral optic nerve resulted in a small but significant reduction in the preferred velocities of neurons activated via the Y-blocked eye. By contrast, removal of the Y input did not produce significant changes in the spatial organization of receptive fields (S or C type), the size of the discharge fields, the width of orientation tuning curves, or direction-selectivity indices.Our results are consistent with the idea that area 21a receives its principal excitatory input from area 17 and is involved mainly in form rather than motion analysis.

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“…Areas 17 and 18 receive input primarily from X-and Y-cells, respectively, but there is also substantial cross talk between cortical areas (for reviews, see Burke et al 1992;Dreher et al 1980Dreher et al , 1992Stone and Dreher 1973). In our experiments, the adapting contrast ranged from 0 to 0.32, the mean peak drift rate was 5.5 Hz, and the mean high adapting drift rate was 13.9 Hz (Fig.…”

Section: Sources Of Adaptation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Contrast Gain Control Is Drift-Rate Dependent: An Informational Analysis

Hietanen

Crowder²,

Ibbotson³

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Hietanen MA, Crowder NA, Ibbotson MR. Contrast gain control is drift-rate dependent: an informational analysis. J Neurophysiol 97: 1078Neurophysiol 97: -1087Neurophysiol 97: , 2007. First published November 22, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.00991.2006. Neurons in the visual cortex code relative changes in illumination (contrast) and adapt their sensitivities to the visual scene by centering the steepest regions of their sigmoidal contrast response functions (CRFs: spike rate as a function of contrast) on the prevailing contrast. The influence of this contrast gain control has not been reported at nonoptimal drift rates. We calculated the Fisher information contained in the CRFs of halothane-anesthetized cats. Fisher information gives a measure of the accuracy of contrast representations based on the ratio of the square of the steepness of the CRF and the spike-rate dependency of the spiking variance. Variance increases with spike rate, so Fisher information is maximal where the CRF is steep and spike rates are low. Here, we show that the contrast at which the maximal Fisher information (C MFI ) occurs for each adapting drift rate is at a fixed level above the adapting contrast. For adapting contrasts of 0 to 0.32 the relationship between C MFI and adapting contrast is well described by a straight line with a slope close to 1. The intercept of this line on the C MFI -axis is drift-rate dependent, although the slope is not. At high drift rates relative to each cell's peak the C MFI offset is higher than that for low drift rates. The results show that the contrast coding strategy in visual cortex maximizes accuracy for contrasts above the prevailing contrast in the environment for all drift rates. We argue that tuning the system for accuracy at contrasts above the prevailing value is optimal for viewing natural scenes. I N T R O D U C T I O NStimulus contrast is arguably the most fundamental stimulus parameter that influences the responses of single cells in the primary visual cortex (Hubel and Wiesel 1962;Movshon et al. 1977). Response amplitudes are dependent on stimulus contrast in a sigmoidal fashion when plotted against log-contrast, such that there is one component in the middle of the curve that is very steep before response saturation (solid lines, Fig. 1A). Prolonged exposure to visual patterns causes these contrast response functions (CRFs) to shift along the contrast axis (Albrecht et al. 1984;Bonds 1991;Carandini and Ferster 1997;Movshon and Lennie 1979;Ohzawa et al. 1985;Sclar et al. 1989). For example, in Fig. 1A compare the fitted line through the open circles (nonadapted) with that fitted to the filled circles (adapted). These lateral shifts are referred to as contrast gain control. The CRFs are also compressed in many cases, such that the postadaptation asymptote of the spiking rate is lower than that in the nonadapted case ( Fig. 1A; cf. Albrecht et al. 1984). This latter effect is referred to as response gain control. The functional role attributed to contrast gain control is that it keeps the most se...

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Effects of selective pressure block of Y-type optic nerve fibers on the receptive-field properties of neurons in area 18 of the visual cortex of the cat

Cited by 32 publications

References 98 publications

Phase sensitivities, excitatory summation fields, and silent suppressive receptive fields of single neurons in the parastriate cortex of the cat

Phase sensitivities, excitatory summation fields, and silent suppressive receptive fields of single neurons in the parastriate cortex of the cat

Processing of form and motion in area 21a of cat visual cortex

Contrast Gain Control Is Drift-Rate Dependent: An Informational Analysis

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