Effects of self-stress on hydrogen diffusion in Pd membranes in the coexistence of α and β phases

Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of phenol by in situ generated hydrogen peroxide applying novel catalytic membrane reactors

“…The formation of palladium hydride is an important concern in the dense Pd membrane when used in gas mixtures separation or in hydrogenation reactions [35,36]. Its formation provokes mechanical damage of the membranes, they become brittle.…”

Deformation mechanism of capsule-type hydrogen-storage-alloy actuator

“…In the simulation, hydrogen diffusion was driven not only by concentration gradient but also by stress gradient. Most of the papers relevant to the stress-induced diffusion [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] focus on hydrogen embrittlement in steel and hydrogen permeable membranes, in which hydrogen content is small enough to neglect the effect of volume and activity change with hydrogen content. In the actuator's applications, these effects should be taken into account since the hydrogen content can be high.…”

“…The diffusion is promoted not only by a hydrogen content gradient (Fick's law) but also by a stress gradient [23,24]. Many researchers [25][26][27][28] simulated diffusion of hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen storage alloy under stress, which revealed that the so-called stress-induced diffusion (SID) plays an important role in the diffusion behavior. In the actuator, the stress effect cannot be negligible because it receives a reaction force during operation.…”

Palladium nanoparticle-modified carbon nanotubes for electrochemical hydrogenolysis in ionic liquids

“…but is generally found in the range of 1 to 7 Â 10 À11 m 2 s À1 (293-298 K). [23][24][25][26][27][28] The D value of dissociated protons in aqueous systems has been reported as 8.2 Â 10 À9 m 2 s À1 (293 K). 29 The oxidation of Pd/H in Fig.…”