Effects of serotonin on the generation of the motor program for swimming by the medicinal leech

Willard, AL

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.01-09-00936.1981

Cited by 220 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Neuromodulation may also play an important role in driving the networks, as has been shown in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (Nusbaum et al, 2001). In the leech, serotonin is known to promote swimming (Willard, 1981;Mangan et al, 1994) and dopamine has recently been shown to modulate crawling (Crisp and Mesce, 2004). Of primary interest is the mechanism by which the two CPGs generate oscillations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Dedicated and Multifunctional Neural Circuits Generating Distinct Behaviors

Briggman¹,

Kristan²

2006

J. Neurosci.

148

139

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Central pattern generators (CPGs) control both swimming and crawling in the medicinal leech. To investigate whether the neurons comprising these two CPGs are dedicated or multifunctional, we used voltage-sensitive dye imaging to record from ϳ80% of the ϳ400 neurons in a segmental ganglion. By eliciting swimming and crawling in the same preparation, we were able to identify neurons that participated in either of the two rhythms, or both. More than twice as many cells oscillated in-phase with crawling (188) compared with swimming (90). Surprisingly, 84 of the cells (93%) that oscillated with swimming also oscillated with crawling. We then characterized two previously unidentified interneurons, cells 255 and 257, that had interesting activity patterns based on the imaging results. Cell 255 proved to be a multifunctional interneuron that oscillates with and can perturb both rhythms, whereas cell 257 is an interneuron dedicated to crawling. These results show that the swimming and crawling networks are driven by both multifunctional and dedicated circuitry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Dedicated and Multifunctional Neural Circuits Generating Distinct Behaviors

Briggman¹,

Kristan²

2006

J. Neurosci.

148

139

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“…Serotonin plays a role in exciting several invertebrate behaviors, for example, stimulating the flexed posture of the lobster (Livingston et al, 1980), swimming behavior in the leech (Willard, 1981), sensitizing the gill withdrawal reflex of Aplysia (Kandel and Schwartz, 1982;Siegelbaum et al, 1982), and intensifying the feeding behavior of several molluscs (Kupfermann and Weiss, 1981;Gelperin, 1981 Figure 11. Serotonin excitation of the buccal feeding network in Liman.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine elicits feeding motor program in Limax maximus

Wieland¹,

Gelperin²

1983

J. Neurosci.

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A neural system within the cerebral and buccal ganglia of the terrestrial mollusc Limax maximus responds to lip chemostimulation by emitting a feeding motor program (FMP) in uiuo and in uitro. We have analyzed chemically the cerebral and buccal ganglia of Limax for neurotransmitters involved in controlling expression of FMP. Dopamine was found in clusters of cells and in the neuropil of the cerebral ganglia at a concentration of 62 pmol/ganglion; a large proportion of such dopamine-containing cells projected to the lips. The buccal ganglia contained several small dopaminergic cells and large amounts of dopamine in the neuropil; the measured concentration was 10 pmol/ganglion.Exogenous dopamine applied to the cerebral and buccal ganglia in vitro between lop7 M and 3 x lop6 M excited an autoactive salivary duct motor neuron (FB) and inhibited an autoactive secretomotor neuron (BSN). Concentrations of dopamine between 3 X 10m6 M and 3 X 10e5 M triggered FMP output, with an increased probability of triggering at higher concentrations of dopamine. ADTN and SK&F38393 were potent agonists in this system, whereas ergonovine was the only potent antagonist found; none of the neuroleptics tested was effective. Thus, the Limax system shows agonist responses similar to the vertebrate Dl receptors, but its antagonist-binding properties appear to have requirements quite different from vertebrate receptors.The effects of exogenous serotonin differed from dopamine's effects; serotonin excited BSN and several buccal motor neurons, could not elicit synchronized motor program cycling, and was not efficiently blocked by ergonovine.These data suggest that dopamine is a good candidate as an endogenous triggering and sustaining transmitter for the Limax feeding motor program.

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“…5-HT is important for regulation of locomotion in some invertebrates (Willard 1981;Mackey and Carew 1983;Nusbaum 1986), and it has been previously suggested that both 5-HT and DA might contribute to the regulation of larval motor function in Drosophila (Mackey and Carew 1983;Neckameyer 1996;Cooper and Neckameyer 1999). We do not detect a significant increase in locomotion in larvae that express DVMAT in 5-HT neurons using TrH-Gal4 (Figure 2A, TrH), in DA neurons using TH-Gal4 (Figure 2A, TH), or, in a separate set of experiments, in both DA and 5-HT neurons using DdcGal4 ( Figure S4).…”

Section: Rescue Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispensable, Redundant, Complementary, and Cooperative Roles of Dopamine, Octopamine, and Serotonin inDrosophila melanogaster

Chen

Lebestky

et al. 2013

Genetics

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To investigate the regulation of Drosophila melanogaster behavior by biogenic amines, we have exploited the broad requirement of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) for the vesicular storage and exocytotic release of all monoamine neurotransmitters. We used the Drosophila VMAT (dVMAT) null mutant to globally ablate exocytotic amine release and then restored DVMAT activity in either individual or multiple aminergic systems, using transgenic rescue techniques. We find that larval survival, larval locomotion, and female fertility rely predominantly on octopaminergic circuits with little apparent input from the vesicular release of serotonin or dopamine. In contrast, male courtship and fertility can be rescued by expressing DVMAT in octopaminergic or dopaminergic neurons, suggesting potentially redundant circuits. Rescue of major aspects of adult locomotion and startle behavior required octopamine, but a complementary role was observed for serotonin. Interestingly, adult circadian behavior could not be rescued by expression of DVMAT in a single subtype of aminergic neurons, but required at least two systems, suggesting the possibility of unexpected cooperative interactions. Further experiments using this model will help determine how multiple aminergic systems may contribute to the regulation of other behaviors. Our data also highlight potential differences between behaviors regulated by standard exocytotic release and those regulated by other mechanisms. BOTH invertebrate and mammalian behaviors undergo extensive regulation by monoamine neurotransmitters (reviewed in Joshua et al.

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Effects of serotonin on the generation of the motor program for swimming by the medicinal leech

Cited by 220 publications

References 22 publications

Imaging Dedicated and Multifunctional Neural Circuits Generating Distinct Behaviors

Imaging Dedicated and Multifunctional Neural Circuits Generating Distinct Behaviors

Dopamine elicits feeding motor program in Limax maximus

Dispensable, Redundant, Complementary, and Cooperative Roles of Dopamine, Octopamine, and Serotonin inDrosophila melanogaster

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