Effects of Serum Lipid Smoothness on the Progression and Vulnerability of Atherosclerotic Plaques in Rabbits

Abstract

ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the effects of lipid smoothness on the progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques.Approach24 rabbits were divided into three groups randomly. Group 1 was given standard chow diet; group 2 was fed with cholesterol-rich diet; for group 3, subjects were planned to take cholesterol-rich diet at the first phase for 12 weeks and during the second phase, low-fat and cholesterol-rich diet was then applied alternately every three weeks till the end of the experiment. Lipid profiles, inflammatory factors, endothelium functions, pathological and histological changes were examined. Expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 were measured by immunohistochemical staining.ResultsAccording to data collected during the whole experiment, lipid smoothness index of group 3 was the lowest. Compared with group 2, statistics of the group 3 indicated that: the development of plaques progressed faster; the plaque area and plaque thickness (53.53[22.6]% vs 33.90[24.91]% , 800.38[98.25]µm vs 675.00[109.67]µm) were higher while the fibrous cap thickness (103.50[45.66]µm vs 295.83[97.90]µm) was lower; hs-CRP (0.53[0.07]mg/dL vs 0.45[0.06]mg/dL), interleukin-18 (186.01[8.41]ng/L vs 158.08[2.37]ng/L), OX-LDL (177.15[5.93]µg/L vs 139.57[2.35] µg/L) and endothelin-1 (164.66[9.54]ng/L vs 131.52[4.39]ng/L) were higher while nitric-oxide (22.41[1.69]µmol/L vs 27.23[1.36]µmol/L) was lower; expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (IOD: 37375.87[5634.52] vs 20956.57[4616.93]) and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (IOD: 45213.04[16653.81] vs 21921.68[6142.32]) were higher.ConclusionsLipids fluctuation could accelerate the progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques through worsening arterial endothelium dysfunction and inflammatory reactions.

Variability In Non-HDL-C and Lp(a) Affect The Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio In Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

“…The current study found that the variation rate of non-HDL-C and Lp(a) during the follow-up period was signi cantly correlated with the level of NLR, and they were independent risk factors for NLR, which indicated that non-HDL-C and Lp(a) variability rate can re ect and predict the chronic low-grade in ammation level in patients with CHD after elective PCI. Previous studies have found that compared with the low blood lipid variation rate group, the high blood lipid variation rate group has higher in ammatory cell in ltration around the brous cap of the vascular artery plaque [24], which is consistent with the results of current study, and provides important basic research evidence. Although the mechanism by which the increased variation rate of non-HDL-C and Lp(a) promotes in ammation is still unclear, controlling blood lipid variability can affect NLR level, thereby improving the prognosis of patients undergoing PCI, and has good application value.…”

Increased risk for diabetes development in subjects with large variation in total cholesterol levels in 2,827,950 Koreans: A nationwide population-based study

“…A study performed in an insulinoma tumor cell line also revealed that both high and low cellular cholesterol contents were inhibitory for insulin secretion [ 21 ]. Another study in rabbits has suggested that lipid fluctuation could accelerate the progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques through worsening arterial endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory reactions [ 22 ]. In line with the above mentioned studies, recent studies suggest that glycemic variability and visit-to-visit variability in BP could deteriorate pancreatic insulin secretory function and increase cardiovascular risk [ 23 – 27 ].…”

Association between the variability of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with coronary heart disease

“…This investigation emphasizes non-HDL-C as a comprehensive measure of lipid metabolism characteristics, revealing the correlation between atherogenic cholesterol and inflammatory status. We discovered a significant correlation between the variability of non-HDL-C and the level of NLR, suggesting non-HDL-C variability as an independent predictor of chronic inflammatory status in post-PCI CHD individuals ( 21 ).…”