Effects of Shade on the Growth and Cropping of Apple Trees. III. Effects on Fruit Growth, Chemical Composition and Quality at Harvest and After Storage

Jackson, John E.; Palmer, John W.; Perring, M. A.; Sharples, R. O.

doi:10.1080/00221589.1977.11514755

Cited by 62 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Symbols as in Table 1. Sources: (1) Bohner & Bangerth (1988); (2) Bertin et al (2003); (3) Bertin (2005); (4) Denne (1960); (5) Westwood et al (1967); (6) Quinlan & Preston (1968); (7) Goffinet et al (1995); (8) Atkinson et al (2001); (9) Marcelis (1993); (10) Marcelis & Hofman-Eijer (1993); (11) Jackson et al (1977) Wheeler, 1963, andCoombe, 1976). Although cell number is obviously important in large-scale allometric comparisons (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological correlates of body size in relation to cell size and cell number: patterns in flies, fish, fruits and foliage

Arendt

2007

Biological Reviews

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Body size is important to most aspects of biology and is also one of the most labile traits. Despite its importance we know remarkably little about the proximate (developmental) factors that determine body size under different circumstances. Here, I review what is known about how cell size and number contribute to phenetic and genetic variation in body size in Drosophila melanogaster, several fish, and fruits and leaves of some angiosperms. Variation in resources influences size primarily through changes in cell number while temperature acts through cell size. The difference in cellular mechanism may also explain the differences in growth trajectories resulting from food and temperature manipulations. There is, however, a poorly recognized interaction between food and temperature effects that needs further study. In addition, flies show a sexual dimorphism in temperature effects with the larger sex responding by changes in cell size and the smaller sex showing changes in both cell size and number. Leaf size is more variable than other organs, but there appears to be a consistent difference between how shade-tolerant and shade-intolerant species respond to light level. The former have larger leaves via cell size under shade, the latter via cell number in light conditions. Genetic differences, primarily from comparisons of D. melanogaster, show similar variation. Direct selection on body size alters cell number only, while temperature selection results in increased cell size and decreased cell number. Population comparisons along latitudinal clines show that larger flies have both larger cells and more cells. Use of these proximate patterns can give clues as to how selection acts in the wild. For example, the latitudinal pattern in D. melanogaster is usually assumed to be due to temperature, but the cellular pattern does not match that seen in laboratory selection at different temperatures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; (2)Bertin et al (2003); (3)Bertin (2005); (4)Denne (1960); (5)Westwood et al (1967);(6)Quinlan & Preston (1968); (7)Goffinet et al (1995); (8)Atkinson et al (2001); (9)Marcelis (1993); (10)Marcelis & Hofman-Eijer (1993); (11)Jackson et al (1977) …”

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confidence: 99%

Ecological correlates of body size in relation to cell size and cell number: patterns in flies, fish, fruits and foliage

Arendt

2007

Biological Reviews

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“…Russet formation of the apple skin is the result of complex biotic and abiotic interactions, which explains the irregular occurrence of russet over the years (Vogl et al, 1985;Gildemacher, 2000). Important weather conditions favouring russet formation are high relative humidity (Babin et al, 1977;Creasy 1980;Creasy and Swartz, 1981;Bonany and Carbo, 1995), dew (Vogl et al, 1985), exposure to sunlight (Jackson et al, 1977;Eccher and Noe, 1993) and large fluctuations between day and night temperatures (Walter, 1967). Nitrogen superfluity (Faust and Shear, 1972;Hatch, 1975) and boron deficiency (Porreye, 1980;Smith et al, 1987) can augment russeting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Can phyllosphere yeasts explain the effect of scab fungicides on russeting of Elstar apples?

Gildemacher¹,

Heijne²,

Houbraken

et al. 2004

European Journal of Plant Pathology

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In 1999 and 2000, the effects of scab fungicides on yeast composition and russeting of Elstar apples were assessed. Yeast composition of fungicide-treated and untreated young apple fruit with or without russet symptoms was investigated and enzyme activity of the yeasts was studied. Cryptococcus albidus, C. laurentii, Rhodotorula glutinis, Sporobolomyces roseus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima dominated the apple fruit surface. Russeted apple fruitlets had a higher red yeast density than non-russeted fruitlets.In vitro fungicide susceptibility of the dominant yeast species varied. Dithianon and dodine were active against all tested species, captan and tolylfluanid showed specificity for certain species, whereas pyrimethanil and bupirimate were largely ineffective. Fungicide treatment in the field had a clear effect on the yeast composition. Metschnikowia etschnikowia pulcherrima was eliminated from the phyllosphere and cryptococco€ d species diminished by both captan and dithianon. The red yeast population was not significantly changed by either fungicide. Captan, dithianon, tolylfluanid and pyrimethanil reduced russet in the field in both years, dodine and kresoxim-methyl only in 2000. All yeast species had cutinolytic activity, all but M. pulcherrima and Debaryomyces hansenii were lipolytic, and some of the isolates showed proteolytic activity.

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“…Dementsprechend fanden Jackson et al (1977) keinen Hinweis auf unterschiedliche Ca-Konzentrationen in ¾pfeln gleicher Größe, die im Schatten bzw. unbeschattet produziert wurden.…”

Section: Einflüsse Auf Die Ca-versorgung Der ¾Pfelunclassified

Die Kalziumversorgung von Äpfeln in Abhängigkeit von pflanzlichen Regelungsvorgängen

Saure

2005

Erwerbs-Obstbau

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Effects of Shade on the Growth and Cropping of Apple Trees. III. Effects on Fruit Growth, Chemical Composition and Quality at Harvest and After Storage

Cited by 62 publications

References 12 publications

Ecological correlates of body size in relation to cell size and cell number: patterns in flies, fish, fruits and foliage

Ecological correlates of body size in relation to cell size and cell number: patterns in flies, fish, fruits and foliage

Can phyllosphere yeasts explain the effect of scab fungicides on russeting of Elstar apples?

Die Kalziumversorgung von Äpfeln in Abhängigkeit von pflanzlichen Regelungsvorgängen

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