Effects of Shading on the Reproductive Output and Embryo Viability of Gulf Killifish

Gothreaux, C. T.; Green, C. C.

doi:10.1080/15222055.2012.672368

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…). Other studies have reported even lower broodstock survival (43%) while evaluating the effects of shading in outdoor tanks (Gothreaux and Green ). The increased survival in RASs compared to other culture systems, such as ponds and outdoor static tanks, was expected due to higher levels of control over water quality parameters and predation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Like most Fundulus species, Gulf Killifish are known for their tolerance to a wide range of water quality parameters, which allows them to survive in bait buckets (Wallace and Waters ). This resiliency, combined with a prolonged spawning season consisting of several spawning events, makes them a candidate for commercial culture (Gothreaux and Green ). However, Fundulus have low fecundity relative to other common commercially produced freshwater baitfish, like the Golden Shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas (Anderson et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Egg Production of Gulf Killifish Is Dependent on Broodstock Rearing Density but Not Spawning Substrate Surface Area

2019

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The Gulf Killifish Fundulus grandis is a popular baitfish for recreational fisheries and is a candidate for commercial‐scale culture; however, its relatively low fecundity compared to other baitfish presents a production challenge. Egg output in relation to broodstock densities and spawning mat surface areas was evaluated in recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs). In experiment 1, broodstock were stocked at two densities (45 and 90 fish/m³), with eggs collected three times per week for 8 weeks. Broodstock (15–17 g) that were held at 45 fish/m³ had greater reproductive output (3.93 eggs·female−1·d−1) than broodstock that were held at 90 fish/m³ (2.22 eggs·female−1·d−1). However, there was no difference between the number of eggs per collection (1,005 and 1,107 eggs per 3,600‐L tank) or total egg production (23,202 and 25,802 eggs per 3,600‐L tank), indicating that reproductive output was limited by another factor, such as available spawning substrate. Therefore, in experiment 2, broodstock (12–16 g) were stocked at a density of 100 fish/m³ in all tanks and were held for 8 weeks with one of three spawning mat (Spawntex) surface areas: 4,500 cm2 (one tier), 9,000 cm2 (two tiers), or 13,500 cm2 (three tiers). Reproductive output was 2.12, 2.27, and 2.21 eggs·female−1·d−1 for the one‐tier, two‐tier, and three‐tier treatments, respectively, with no differences among treatments. There was also no among‐treatment difference in the number of eggs per collection (1,724, 1,858, and 1,794 eggs/tank) or in the total number of eggs collected (27,587, 29,728, and 28,704 eggs/tank), suggesting that increasing the surface area of spawning material does not increase egg production. Therefore, a stocking density of 45 fish/m³ and a spawning mat surface area of 4,500 cm2 in commercial‐scale RAS broodstock tanks result in similar egg production compared to a higher stocking density and greater spawning mat surface area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg Production of Gulf Killifish Is Dependent on Broodstock Rearing Density but Not Spawning Substrate Surface Area

2019

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“…Shade can also be provided by artificial techniques, such as shade cloth and felled vegetation (Kiffney et al. ; Matney ; Gothreaux and Green ), but these strategies are better as short‐term solutions (e.g., forest fire recovery) because living vegetation provides the benefits listed above and typically is more esthetically pleasing. Increasing shade provided by vegetation promises to be an important tool for combating stream warming due to climate change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Mechanistic Model to Develop Management Strategies to Cool Apache Trout Streams under the Threat of Climate Change

Baker

Bonar

2019

N American J Fish Manag

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User‐friendly stream temperature models populated with on‐site data may help in developing strategies to manage temperatures of individual stream reaches that are subject to climate change. We used the field‐tested Stream Segment Temperature model (U.S. Geological Survey) to simulate how altering discharge, groundwater input, channel wetted width, and shade prevents the temperatures of White Mountain, Arizona, stream reaches from exceeding the thermal tolerance of Apache Trout Oncorhynchus apache, both under existing conditions and under a climate change scenario. Simulations suggested increasing shade, either through streamside planting of specific numbers and species of plants or by other means, would be most effective and feasible for cooling the stream reaches we studied. Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa and Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii provided the most shade followed in order by Engelman spruce Picea engelmannii, Bebb's willow Salix bebbiana, Arizona alder Alnus oblongifolia, and finally coyote willow Salix exigua. Vegetation survival depends on the appropriateness of site conditions at present and under climate change, and planting in buffer strips minimizes additional water removal from the watershed through evapotranspiration. Alternative shading options, including thick sedge growth, shade cloth, or felled woody vegetation, may be considered when environmental conditions do not support plantings. Increasing groundwater input can cool streams, but additional sources are scarce in the region. Decreasing the width‐to‐depth ratio would succeed best on reaches with widths greater than 2.0 m. Increasing discharge from upstream may lower water temperature on reaches with an initial discharge greater than 0.5 m3/s. Existing models provide suggestions to cool stream reaches. Further development of accessible software packages that incorporate evaporation, fragmentation, and other projected climate change effects into their routines will provide additional tools to help manage climate change effects.

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“…The low embryo viability rates observed in this study are of particular concern as they reduce the quantity of viable larvae and exacerbate the low fecundity already present in this species. Culture techniques applied to Gulf killifish spawning in outdoor pools have yielded embryo viability rates of up to 70% during periods of the spawning season with optimal water temperatures (Gothreaux & Green ). The 20–25% rates observed in this study were not due to improper water temperature because 27°C was designed to mimic ideal seasonal spawning temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations of Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis Baird and Girard culture to supply marine live bait markets date back at least 35 years (Tatum & Helton ; Trimble, Tatum & Styron ; Waas & Strawn ). Following a report by Oesterling, Adams and Lazur () listing the Fundulus species group as having the greatest potential for successful development as a cultured live bait in the south‐eastern United States, interest in Gulf killifish was renewed (Green, Gothreaux & Lutz ; Phelps, Daniels, Sansing & Brown ; Brown, Gothreaux & Green ; Gothreaux & Green ; Patterson, Bodinier & Green ). In addition, Gulf killifish have been increasingly cultured in laboratory systems for use as a model species (Burnett, Bain, Baldwin, Callard, Cohen, Di Giulio, Evans, Gómez‐Chiarri, Hahn, Hoover, Karchner, Katoh, MacLatchy, Marshall, Meyer, Nacci, Oleksiak, Rees, Singer, Stegeman, Towle, Van Veld, Vogelbein, Whitehead, Winn & Crawford ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and reproductive response to varying quantitative lipid inclusion in diets for Gulf killifishFundulus grandisBaird and Girard

Patterson

Green

2014

Aquac Res

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Successful culture of Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis as a live marine baitfish in the south-eastern United States has experienced low fecundity as a primary restriction. Hence, the ability to optimize reproduction in captive populations may increase the potential for viable large-scale production. Broodfish nutrition is an expanding field of aquaculture, and improved nutritional status has been shown to increase reproductive output in some cultured fish. This study examined changes in quantitative inclusion of lipid as fish oil in complete diets fed to actively spawning Gulf killifish and its effects on physiological and reproductive parameters and subsequent larval morphometrics. An increase in dietary lipid levels across a gradient from 4.0 to 13.8% did not affect periodic fecundity, egg size, embryo viability rate, sperm motility, hepatosomatic index or liver total lipid content. Intraperitoneal fat increased significantly in fish fed higher lipid levels, while gonadosomatic index was significantly higher in the lowest lipid content group. Larvae produced by fish fed higher lipid levels had significantly increased endogenous nutritional resources at hatch while standard length was unaffected. No strong reproductive benefits of increased lipid inclusion were found in Gulf killifish.

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Effects of Shading on the Reproductive Output and Embryo Viability of Gulf Killifish

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Egg Production of Gulf Killifish Is Dependent on Broodstock Rearing Density but Not Spawning Substrate Surface Area

Egg Production of Gulf Killifish Is Dependent on Broodstock Rearing Density but Not Spawning Substrate Surface Area

Using a Mechanistic Model to Develop Management Strategies to Cool Apache Trout Streams under the Threat of Climate Change

Physiological and reproductive response to varying quantitative lipid inclusion in diets for Gulf killifishFundulus grandisBaird and Girard

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