Effects of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria on epigenetic regulation of FFAR3 in type 2 diabetes and obesity

Remely, Marlene; Aumueller, Eva; Merold, Christine Margarethe; Dworzak, Simone; Hippe, Berit; Zanner, Julia; Pointner, Angelika; Brath, Helmut; Haslberger, Alexander G.

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.081

Cited by 273 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The positive effects on glucose are achieved largely by increases in glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases insulin secretion, lowering plasma glucose and preserving beta cell function [159,160]. SCFAs also appear to affect epigenetic regulation of gene expression in type 2 diabetes via activation of Gcoupled receptors and their capacity to act as histone deacetylation inhibitors [148,161].…”

Section: Effects Of Scfas On Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Microbial Metabolites Including Tryptophan Catabolites and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Pathophysiology of Immune-Inflammatory and Neuroimmune Disease

Morris¹,

et al. 2016

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There is a growing awareness that gut commensal metabolites play a major role in host physiology and indeed the pathophysiology of several illnesses. The composition of the microbiota largely determines the levels of tryptophan in the systemic circulation and hence, indirectly, the levels of serotonin in the brain. Some microbiota synthesize neurotransmitters directly, e.g., gamma-amino butyric acid, while modulating the synthesis of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). The composition of the microbiota determines the levels and nature of tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) which in turn has profound effects on aryl hydrocarbon receptors, thereby influencing epithelial barrier integrity and the presence of an inflammatory or tolerogenic environment in the intestine and beyond. The composition of the microbiota also determines the levels and ratios of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate and propionate. Butyrate is a key energy source for colonocytes. Dysbiosis leading to reduced levels of SCFAs, notably butyrate, therefore may have adverse effects on epithelial barrier integrity, energy homeostasis, and the T helper 17/regulatory/T cell balance. Moreover, dysbiosis leading to reduced butyrate levels may increase bacterial translocation into the systemic circulation. As examples, we describe the role of microbial metabolites in the pathophysiology of diabetes type 2 and autism.

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Section: Effects Of Scfas On Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Microbial Metabolites Including Tryptophan Catabolites and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Pathophysiology of Immune-Inflammatory and Neuroimmune Disease

Morris¹,

et al. 2016

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“…Earlier, proportions of phylum Firmicutes and class Clostridia were shown significantly reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to the control group [12]. The diversity of the microbiota as well as the abundance of Faecali bacterium prausnitzii (a prototype anti-inflammatory microbiota) has been shown significantly lower in obese patients and patients with type 2 diabetes compared with lean individuals [13]. In the study by Qin et al [6], type 2 diabetes is characterized by a selective increase in several opportunistic pathogens and a reduction in bacteria producing beneficial metabolites, such as butyrate.…”

Section: Taxa-based Microbial Associations With Disease Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomics Health Claim: Are you Rich Enough in your Gut Micro biota?

Balasubramanyam¹

2014

Biol Med (Aligarh)

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“…However, not all individuals with adiposity fall ill, and the underlying mechanisms of the association between extended body fat and DMT2 are not yet fully explained. Besides lifestyle and environmental factors, genetic and epigenetic factors have been discussed in the literature, as has the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota [2,3], exposure to chemical agents and other factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b><i>Interleukin-6</i></b> CpG Methylation and Body Weight Correlate Differently in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Compared to Obese and Lean Controls

et al. 2015

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Background/Aims: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is accompanied by systemic low-grade inflammation with elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is encoded by a gene (IL-6) previously shown to be regulated by DNA methylation. We investigated seven CpG sites in IL-6 in individuals with DMT2, obese individuals and lean controls. Further, the DMT2 group received the glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist liraglutide. Methods: Blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study and after 4 months. The DNA methylation was assessed using pyrosequencing. Results: Methylation levels at the CpG sites -664, -628 and +13 at the first sampling time point (T1) and at -666 and -664 at the second sampling time point (T2) correlated negatively with initial body weight in the DMT2 group. We found positive correlations for the obese and the lean control group. In the obese group, CpG +27 methylation at T1 correlated with initial body weight (r = 0.685; p = 0.014). In the lean group, CpG -664 at T1 (r = 0.874; p = 0.005) and CpG -628 at T2 (r = 0.632; p = 0.050) correlated with initial body weight. Conclusion: These findings are an informative basis for further studies to elucidate epigenetic mechanisms underlying DMT2. Additionally, our results might provide starting points for the development of biomarkers for prevention and therapy strategies.

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Effects of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria on epigenetic regulation of FFAR3 in type 2 diabetes and obesity

Cited by 273 publications

References 46 publications

The Role of the Microbial Metabolites Including Tryptophan Catabolites and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Pathophysiology of Immune-Inflammatory and Neuroimmune Disease

The Role of the Microbial Metabolites Including Tryptophan Catabolites and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Pathophysiology of Immune-Inflammatory and Neuroimmune Disease

Metagenomics Health Claim: Are you Rich Enough in your Gut Micro biota?

<b><i>Interleukin-6</i></b> CpG Methylation and Body Weight Correlate Differently in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Compared to Obese and Lean Controls

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