Effects of short-term changes in ambient air temperature or altered insulation in horses

Morgan, Karin

doi:10.1016/s0306-4565(97)00008-9

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Some studies on horses reported a higher muscle temperature than RT (Lindholm and Saltin, 1974;Carlson, 1983) and a higher RT than central venous temperature and skin temperature (Morgan, 1997). In agreement with previous results reported by Myers and Henderson (1996) in swine, dairy cattle, dairy calves and by Drew (1996) in bighorn sheep, our findings showed that RT was higher than AT during the two periods of monitoring.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparison of daily rhythm of rectal and auricular temperatures in horses kept under a natural photoperiod and constant darkness

Piccione¹,

Giannetto²,

Marafioti³

et al. 2011

Journal of Thermal Biology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparison of daily rhythm of rectal and auricular temperatures in horses kept under a natural photoperiod and constant darkness

Piccione¹,

Giannetto²,

Marafioti³

et al. 2011

Journal of Thermal Biology

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“…1). fidgeting) is presumed to be a key factor in preventing obesity in adults, with lean people showing a higher level of non-exercise activity 33 . In order to maintain a comfortable body temperature, horses may show a higher level of 'normal activity' and more eagerness to eat in cold temperatures, increasing heat production 27,32 .…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study investigating the relationship between perceived and actual workload and estimated energy intake in riding centre horses

Dekker

Marlin

Alexander³

et al. 2007

Equine Comp. Exerc. Physiol.

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Feeding regimens for horses are usually based on perceived workload (PW) together with body condition. This can lead to inappropriate energy intake and, in particular, excess weight. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the factors influencing individual energy needs under practical field conditions would be valuable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate to what extent the variations in actual versus PW may influence the estimated energy intake required to maintain body weight (BW) in individual animals. Eight mature, experienced riding school horses, chosen at random and maintaining a constant BW, were observed in standard flat work lessons with four different instructors at an equine training college. Heart rate (HR) and the structure of the lessons were recorded. Relative workload (RW) was determined for each horse by dividing its average HR per lesson by its estimated maximum HR (HR max ). PW was estimated by each instructor for each horse using a scale of 1-5. One-way ANOVA and t-test were used to determine the differences and Spearman's and Pearson's correlations were used to determine the correlations. The mean estimated RW was 39.1% of the estimated HR max (^5.7%) and was not significantly different between instructors (P . 0.05). Rider weight as a percentage of BW showed a weak but statistically significant positive correlation with mean HR (r 2 ¼ 0.14, P , 0.05). Estimated energy intake was negatively correlated with BCS (r 2 ¼ 0.65, P , 0.001) and differed significantly (P , 0.05) between light (BW ¼ 455-532 kg) horses (mean 0.18^0.04 MJ kg 21 BW) and heavy (BW ¼ 622-660 kg) horses (mean 0.15^0.03 MJ kg 21 BW). No difference was found in estimated energy intake between different workloads (flat work only or flat work and jumping) (P . 0.05). When BW was compared with estimated energy intake, no relation was found either (P . 0.05). These results suggest that the amount of energy needed to maintain BW in individual horses cannot necessarily be estimated simply on the basis of the intensity and the duration of structured exercise. Other factors including age, individual digestive and metabolic efficiency, body condition and possibly the energy utilized through non-structured activity (e.g. box walking) may need to be taken into account.

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“…Horses that compete during winter time may thus benefit from clipping, but blanketing at rest may be needed to keep the clipped horse warm [10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature regulation in horses during exercise and recovery in a cool environment

2012

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BackgroundClipping the winter coat in horses is done to improve heat dissipation during exercise and make grooming easier. It is often combined with blanketing to keep the horse warm. The aims of the present study were to investigate how clipping and the use of blankets affect thermoregulation during exercise and recovery in horses.MethodsOne Gotland pony, one New Forest pony, and one warm-blooded horse exercised one after the other on a 6450 m long track. The horses walked, trotted and cantered according to a predetermined scheme, which took about 50 minutes including three stops. The scheme was repeated on five consecutive days when horses were: 1) unclipped 2) unclipped + blanket during recovery, 3) left or right side clipped, 4) clipped, and 5) clipped + riding blanket + blanket during recovery. Heart rate (HR) was measured with telemetry, respiratory rate (RR) by counting flank contractions, skin temperatures by thermistor probes, and rectal temperature with a digital thermometer. Skin wetness (SW) was estimated by ocular inspection (dripping = 5, dry = 0).ResultsMean outdoor temperature varied from -1.1 to - 8.7°C. HR increased progressively during exercise with no difference between treatments. Maximum RR was 77 ± 30 breaths/min (unclipped) and 49 ± 27 breaths/min (clipped). The lowest skin temperature was 17.5 ± 2.7°C in a hind leg during exercise, which increased to 34.5 ± 0.1°C during recovery. Rectal temperature was elevated during recovery in unclipped, but not in clipped horses and skin temperature at base of tail was elevated during recovery except in unclipped horses without blanket. Moisture after exercise scored 3.2 ± 0.8 in unclipped and zero in clipped horses.Discussion and conclusionLeg skin temperature initially dropped at onset of exercise in clipped horses, and then increased after about 30 minutes due to internal heat from the working muscles. These changes were not significant when clipped horses had riding blankets, whereas unclipped horses became overheated as judged from respiratory rate and elevated rectal temperature. Providing clipped horses with blankets dampened the changes in leg skin temperature during exercise.

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Effects of short-term changes in ambient air temperature or altered insulation in horses

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Comparison of daily rhythm of rectal and auricular temperatures in horses kept under a natural photoperiod and constant darkness

Comparison of daily rhythm of rectal and auricular temperatures in horses kept under a natural photoperiod and constant darkness

A pilot study investigating the relationship between perceived and actual workload and estimated energy intake in riding centre horses

Temperature regulation in horses during exercise and recovery in a cool environment

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