Effects of shot peening pre-treatment and plasma nitriding parameters on the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of AISI 4140 low-alloy steel

Kovacı, H.; Hacısalihoğlu, İlyas; Yetim, A.F.; Çelik, A.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.11.043

Cited by 65 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Wear is a critical industrial problem [ 73 ], which may lead to catastrophic failure before the estimated life of the material [ 36 ] due to the gradual degradation of surface and subsurface properties. Therefore, understanding the effects of surface treatments such as shot peening is important.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shot peening has been widely used to improve the fatigue behavior of materials by retarding the formation and growth of cracks [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], changing the crystal structure [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], decreasing the grain size [ 7 , 16 , 31 , 32 ], increasing the density of dislocation [ 29 , 30 ], improving hardness [ 20 , 33 , 34 ], and inducing beneficial compressive residual stress [ 20 , 33 ]. More specifically, shot peening is a mechanical surface treatment mostly performed by the repeated impact of steel shots at high impact velocities onto surfaces of materials [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. It has been commonly used in various industrial applications (e.g., biomedical [ 14 ], aerospace [ 37 ], and automotive industries [ 5 , 38 ]) owing to its ease of application and low process cost [ 34 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface, Subsurface and Tribological Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Shot Peened under Different Parameters

et al. 2020

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Ti6Al4V alloy was shot peened by using stainless-steel shots with different sizes (0.09–0.14 mm (S10) and 0.7–1.0 mm (S60)) for two durations (5 and 15 min) using a custom-designed peening system. The shot size was the main parameter modifying the roughness (0.74 µm for S10 vs. 2.27 µm for S60), whereas a higher peening time slightly increased roughness. Hardness improved up to approximately 35% by peening with large shots, while peening time was insignificant in hardness improvement. However, longer peening duration with large shots led to an unwanted formation of micro-cracks and delamination on the peened surfaces. After dry sliding wear tests, the mass loss of peened samples (S60 for 15 min) was 25% higher than that of un-peened samples, while the coefficient of friction decreased by 12%. Plastically deformed regions and micro-scratches were observed on the worn surfaces, which corresponds to mostly adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms. The present study sheds light on how surface, subsurface and tribological properties of Ti6Al4V vary with shot peening and peening parameters, which paves the way for the understanding of the mechanical, surface, and tribological behavior of shot peened Ti6Al4V used in both aerospace and biomedical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface, Subsurface and Tribological Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Shot Peened under Different Parameters

et al. 2020

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“…In order to avoid these problems, a lower nitriding temperature is a hopeful solution; therefore, researchers have investigated promoting penetration. H. Kovacl et al [21,22] studied shot peening as a nitriding promotion process for AISI4140 steel by the comparison experiments of shot peening with different densities. The experimental results indicate that shot peening forms finer crystal grains on the surface of the sample, and the increase of the surface dislocation density accelerates the diffusion of nitrogen atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Deformation on the Microstructure of Cold-Rolled TA2 Alloy after Low-Temperature Nitriding

et al. 2021

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In order to improve the low hardness and poor wear resistance of TA2, this paper proposes a composite process of cold-rolling and low-temperature plasma nitriding with recrystallization. This composite modification process can effectively achieve the dual goals of modifying the matrix structure and surface of TA2 alloy simultaneously. The cold-rolling experimental results indicate that when the deformation rate increases, the small-sized grains in the sample increase significantly, and the grain orientation changes from TD (transverse direction) to RD (rolling direction) and then to TD. The nitriding experimental results indicate that the {0001} basal surface texture deflected from the TD direction to the RD direction, {10-10} cylindrical texture components gradually increased, and the special orientation phenomenon of cylindrical and conical texture disappeared, it can be seen that an increase in the deformation rate promotes recrystallization. The XRD test results indicate that after low-temperature nitriding, metastable nitriding phase TiN0.26 is formed on the surface of TA2. The SEM morphology of the cross-section shows that a relatively special nitrided zone is formed, and mechanical performance test results indicate the wear resistance and hardness of the alloy increased.

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“…The researches on fretting wear mechanism for the kind of alloy steels under various factors provide lots of knowledge of the anti-fretting protection for the locking mechanism [10][11][12]. Among the various measures to alleviate fretting damage [13], surface modification as an efficient and economical solution has been widely used in the industrial field [14,15]. In this study, optimizing a suitable surface treatment method is essential to protect the locking pin from fretting damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, the wear resistances of steels after surface treatment, such as PN and LQ, have been successively studied. However, these researches mainly focused on the ball/pin on disk or reciprocating sliding wear mode [15,22,23], and the obtained data, such as the dynamic response and dissipated energy of the friction interface, are scarce. Moreover, comparative investigations of fretting wear behavior and damage mechanisms of various treatment surfaces based on engineering applications have rarely been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of several surface treatment processes for alleviating fretting damage of a locking pin

Cai

Ren

et al. 2021

Friction

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The operational safety and reliability of a variable gauge train are affected by the anti-fretting wear performance of the locking mechanism. The main purpose of this study is to optimize the surface treatment process for a locking pin material under actual service conditions to alleviate fretting damage. Based on the two basic principles of surface strengthening and friction reduction, a substrate (AISI 4135 steel) surface was treated by laser quenching (LQ), plasma nitriding (PN), and bonded MoS2 coating. Systematic fretting wear tests were conducted, and the wear behavior and damage mechanism of various treated surfaces were comprehensively investigated. The results indicate that the wear resistances of the LQ- and PN-treated surfaces were significantly improved, and their main wear mechanisms were abrasive wear, delamination, and oxidation wear. The MoS2 coating exhibits the lowest friction coefficient and energy dissipation due to its self-lubricating property, but it incurs the highest wear rate and failure in the form of plastic deformation. Furthermore, the rough compound layer with a high hardness on the PN-treated surface is conducive to the formation and maintenance of the third-body contact at the fretting interface, consequently resulting in a significant reduction in wear. An optimal surface treatment process for alleviating fretting damage of the locking pin is recommended via comprehensive evaluation, which provides a reference for the anti-fretting protection of related mechanical components.

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Effects of shot peening pre-treatment and plasma nitriding parameters on the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of AISI 4140 low-alloy steel

Cited by 65 publications

References 39 publications

Surface, Subsurface and Tribological Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Shot Peened under Different Parameters

Surface, Subsurface and Tribological Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Shot Peened under Different Parameters

Effect of Deformation on the Microstructure of Cold-Rolled TA2 Alloy after Low-Temperature Nitriding

Optimization of several surface treatment processes for alleviating fretting damage of a locking pin

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