Effects of sika deer (Cervus nippon yakushimae) population growth on saplings in an evergreen broad-leaved forest

Koda, Ryosuke; Noma, Naohiko; Tsujino, Riyou; Umeki, Kiyoshi; Fujita, Noboru

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.044

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These results mean that a browse line caused by very high feeding pressure of ungulates (Vila et al 2003) was not apparent in the study period. Although reported impacts of deer on seedlings in the study area, Koda et al (2008) did not detect actual decreases in the sapling densities of deer-preferred species from 1992 to 2005. The future effects of deer on vegetation are unknown, their influence in the study area appear quite limited relative to those reported in areas with high deer densities (e.g., Fuller and Gill 2001;Kaji et al 1991;Vila et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Food habits of Japanese deer in an evergreen forest: Litter-feeding deer

Agetsuma

Agetsuma‐Yanagihara²,

Hino

2011

Mammalian Biology

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We observed the feeding behaviors of wild Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon yakushimae) in a warm temperate broad-leaved evergreen forest of the island of Yakushima using the focal animal sampling Deer also fed on animal matters as minor food items, such as the feces of monkeys and raccoon dogs, bones of deer and monkeys, and bird carcasses. Animal matters constituted 0.3-1.6% of the seasonal diet.Sympatric monkeys supplied food to deer as a result of their daily activities. Monkey-supplied foods 2 comprised 1.7-10.9% of the seasonal diet of sika deer. Monkeys tended to supply many fruits and seeds.Overall, 75.0% of the annual deer diet consisted of forest litter, even though deer had access to abundant living edible leaves in the study area. Therefore, sika deer in this forest ecosystem function ecologically as decomposers rather than primary consumers.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Food habits of Japanese deer in an evergreen forest: Litter-feeding deer

Agetsuma

Agetsuma‐Yanagihara²,

Hino

2011

Mammalian Biology

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“…Furthermore, our results in HY (95.70-111.65 deer/km 2 ) are consistent with previous estimations. estimated the deer population density as 40.74 in 2001, and after that, the encounter rate of deer increased about threefold (Koda et al 2008). Thus, our data suggest that the fecal accumulation rate technique is applicable in Japanese forests as a method for estimating deer density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Deer occur over most of the island (Kagoshimaken Sizenaigo Kyokai 1981). Recent studies have suggested that the population size of deer is increasing and becoming extremely large in the western area of Yakushima Island (Agetsuma et al 2003;Koda et al 2008), and that as a result, seedlings and saplings have been affected Koda et al 2008). …”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

A proposal of the method of deer density estimate without fecal decomposition rate: a case study of fecal accumulation rate technique in Japan

Koda

Agetsuma

Agetsuma‐Yanagihara³

et al. 2010

Ecological Research

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The accuracy of estimating deer density using the fecal pellet count method is greatly limited by variability of the fecal decomposition rate. The fecal accumulation rate technique can avoid the issue of decomposition rate. However, the precision of this technique is not clear when the decomposition rate is relatively high, such as in Japanese forests. We estimated deer population densities on Yakushima Island by the fecal accumulation rate technique and compared them between seasons. The estimated densities were similar to reported estimates, and did not differ seasonally, in accord with reports that deer on Yakushima do not migrate seasonally. Thus, we conclude that the fecal accumulation rate technique is applicable in Japanese forests.

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“…In southern China, Sika deer usually live in mountainous habitat at low elevations (300-800 m), but can range to over 2000 m in western China (Jiang and Li, 2009;Koda et al, 2008;Koga and Ono, 1994). The distribution of Sika deer is also limited by climate, particularly snow depth, as populations tend to descend to lower elevations in winter before returning to higher elevations in spring (Igota et al, 2004;Smith and Xie, 2008).…”

Section: Sika Deermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…,Maeji et al (1999),Koda et al (2008),Miyashita et al (2008),Smith and Xie (2008),Honda (2009), Jiang and Li (2009), Pei (2009)preferred, especially between 15°and 45°Maeji et al (1999,Liu (2007),Honda (2009), in mountainous habitat at relatively low elevation of 300-800 m; winter migration to lower elevation occurs as snow depth restricts movementKoga and Ono (1994),Maeji et al (1999),Igota et al (2004),Koda et al (2008),Smith and Xie (2008),Jiang and Li (…”

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confidence: 98%

An assessment of South China tiger reintroduction potential in Hupingshan and Houhe National Nature Reserves, China

Qin

Nyhus

Larson

et al. 2015

Biological Conservation

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a b s t r a c tHuman-caused biodiversity loss is a global problem, large carnivores are particularly threatened, and the tiger (Panthera tigris) is among the world's most endangered large carnivores. The South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis) is the most critically endangered tiger subspecies and is considered functionally extinct in the wild. The government of China has expressed its intent to reintroduce a small population of South China tigers into a portion of their historic range as part of a larger goal to recover wild tiger populations in China. This would be the world's first major tiger reintroduction program. A free-ranging population of 15-20 tigers living in a minimum of 1000 km 2 of habitat was identified as a target. We assessed summer and winter habitat suitability of two critical prey species, wild boar (Sus scrofa) and Sika deer (Cervus nippon), using GIS spatial models to evaluate the potential for tiger reintroduction in one likely candidate site, the 1100 km 2 Hupingshan-Houhe National Nature Reserve complex in Hunan and Hubei Provinces, China. Our preliminary analysis estimates that for wild boar, potential summer and winter habitat availability is 372-714 km 2 and 256-690 km 2 , respectively, whereas for Sika deer, potential summer and winter habitat availability is 443-747 km 2 and 257-734 km 2 , respectively. Our model identifies potential priority areas for release and restoration of prey between 195 and 790 km 2 with a carrying capacity of 596-2409 wild boar and 468-1929 Sika deer. Our analysis suggests that Hupingshan-Houhe could support a small population of 2-9 tigers at a density of 1.1-1.2 tigers/ 100 km 2 following prey and habitat restorations. Thus, current habitat quality and area would fall short of the target recovery goal. We identify major challenges facing a potential tiger reintroduction project and conclude that restoring the habitat and prey base, addressing concerns of local people, and enhancing coordination across park boundaries are significant challenges to meeting the broader goals of supporting a reintroduced wild tiger population. Tiger range states have committed to doubling the world's wild tigers by 2022. The results of this study have implications for China's commitment to this goal and for the future of tiger and other large carnivore reintroduction efforts in Asia and globally.

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Effects of sika deer (Cervus nippon yakushimae) population growth on saplings in an evergreen broad-leaved forest

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Food habits of Japanese deer in an evergreen forest: Litter-feeding deer

Food habits of Japanese deer in an evergreen forest: Litter-feeding deer

A proposal of the method of deer density estimate without fecal decomposition rate: a case study of fecal accumulation rate technique in Japan

An assessment of South China tiger reintroduction potential in Hupingshan and Houhe National Nature Reserves, China

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