Effects of Silage Fermentation and Post‐ruminal Casein Supplementation in Lactating Dairy Cows: 2—Energy Metabolites and Plasma Amino Acids

Miettinen, Harri; Huhtanen, Pekka

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199708)74:4<459::aid-jsfa855>3.3.co;2-j

Cited by 9 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…In contrast to the essential AA, there is a tendency, as observed here, for the plasma concentrations of most nonessential AA to be unaffected by postruminal AA administration (Clark et al, 1977;Rulquin, 1983;Choung and Chamberlain, 1995;Miettinen and Huhtanen, 1997;Mackle et al, 1999). The concentration of Gly, despite being included in the infusate, actually decreased.…”

Section: Responses To the Complete Aa MIXsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Concentrations of insulin and several essential AA were increased in plasma. An increase in circulating insulin concentrations has been detected in some (Whitelaw et al, 1986;Miettinen and Huhtanen, 1997;Mackle et al, 1999) but not all (Cohick et al, 1986;Guinard et al, 1994;Choung and Chamberlain, 1995) protein infusion experiments with dairy cows, and never to the 2-fold extent observed here. Contributing factors to the large insulin response might be that the CP content of the basal ration was lower than in other experiments and the rate of AA infusion was much higher.…”

Section: Responses To the Complete Aa MIXsupporting

confidence: 43%

“…Rulquin (1983) fed a basal ration of 12% CP to lactating cows and observed an increase in plasma acetate from 1.35 to 1.47 mM with a duodenal infusion of 500 g/d casein. Others who have measured plasma acetate have reported no effect due to postruminal casein (Konig et al, 1984;Cant et al, 1993;Guinard et al, 1994;Miettinen and Huhtanen, 1997) although a 3-fold increase in acetate flux was noted (Konig et al, 1984).…”

Section: Responses To the Complete Aa MIXmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The concentration of Gly, despite being included in the infusate, actually decreased. A pronounced decline in plasma Gly concentration is a common feature of improved protein nutrition of ruminant and monogastric animals (Rulquin, 1983;Whitelaw et al, 1986;Miettinen and Huhtanen, 1997;Rémésy et al, 1997).…”

Section: Responses To the Complete Aa MIXmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses to Amino Acid Imbalances and Deficiencies in Lactating Dairy Cows

Weekes

Luimes²,

Cant

2006

Journal of Dairy Science

103

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Lactating cows were exposed to large amino acid imbalances and deficiencies by i.v. infusion to characterize responses in milk production and plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones. Six cows in early lactation were fed a basal diet of 9% CP and infused continuously for 6 d with saline (negative control), 1.1 kg/d of a complete amino acid mix (positive control), or the equivalent mix lacking Met, Lys, His, or all 3 branched-chain amino acids. All cows received all treatments in 6 successive periods in a Latin square design. Infusion of the complete amino acid mix resulted in an increase in the plasma concentrations of several essential amino acids, insulin, and glucagon. Milk protein production was stimulated by 19%, which accounted for 10% of the infused amino acid. Plasma urea, acetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were increased. Compared with saline, the amino acid mixtures lacking Met, Lys, or His increased essential amino acids, glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations in plasma, and decreased growth hormone. Plasma concentration of the essential amino acid absent from the infusate fell 2-fold but milk protein yield remained within 12% of its basal value. Dry matter intakes were depressed 35% over the first 2 d of infusion of imbalanced mixtures but recovered thereafter. Milk fat yields were increased 258 and 320 g/d by mixtures devoid of Lys and His, respectively. Correction of a Met, Lys, or His deficiency did not affect hormone concentrations in plasma and milk protein yield increased 27% due entirely to increased concentration of the single amino acid in plasma. Although imbalance and deficiency generated similar amino acid profiles in plasma, it was concluded that endocrine responses to total amino acid supply during imbalance can override imperfections in the circulating amino acid profile to maintain milk protein yield at higher levels than expected from deficiency states. Both imbalance and deficiency were characterized by a low protein:fat ratio in milk. Infusion of a mix of amino acids lacking Val, Ile, and Leu, despite a decrease in plasma Leu to 58% of its basal value, increased milk protein and fat yields to the same extent as the complete amino acid mix.

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Section: Responses To the Complete Aa MIXsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Responses To the Complete Aa MIXsupporting

confidence: 43%

Section: Responses To the Complete Aa MIXmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Responses To the Complete Aa MIXmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Responses to Amino Acid Imbalances and Deficiencies in Lactating Dairy Cows

Weekes

Luimes²,

Cant

2006

Journal of Dairy Science

103

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“…Improvements in protein yield were associated with increased plasma concentrations of histidine, methionine, branched-chain and essential AA with TCM diets. Comparable changes in plasma AA concentrations have been reported with post-ruminal casein infusions (Choung and Chamberlain 1993;Miettinen and Huhtanen 1997) suggesting that the amount of AA absorbed from the small intestine was greater for TCM than for SBM diets. At the highest level of inclusion, plasma histidine was 50% higher with TCM than SBM .…”

Section: Milk Productionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Evaluation of canola meal as a protein supplement for dairy cows: A review and a meta-analysis

2011

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Huhtanen, P., Hetta, M. and Swensson, C. 2011. Evaluation of canola meal as a protein supplement for dairy cows: A review and a meta-analysis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 529Á543. A review and a meta-analysis were conducted to compare the feeding value of soybean meal (SBM) and canola meal (CM) in dairy cows and to evaluate the effects of heat-treatment of CM (TCM) on the performance of dairy cows. The dataset included in total 292 treatment means from 122 studies, in which dietary crude protein (CP) concentration was increased by replacing energy supplements with protein supplements. A mixed model regression analysis with random study effect was used to estimate the marginal production responses to different protein sources. The differences between the slopes were compared by t-test. All protein sources increased dry matter intake, but the responses were greater (PB0.01) for CM and TCM compared with SBM. Feeding CM or TCM produced greater (PB0.01) daily milk yield responses than SBM (3.490.19 and 3.790.25 vs. 2.190.25) kg kg (1 increase in CP intake. Marginal milk protein yield responses (g kg (1 increase in CP intake) were greater (PB0.01) for CM (1369 5.4) and TCM (13398.5) compared with SBM (9898.0). Smaller response to incremental CP intake can partly be related to the higher average dietary CP concentration in SBM studies. Literature data on rumen ammonia N concentration and omasal protein flow did not support the higher ruminal tabulated ruminal CP degradability of CM compared with SBM. It is concluded that CM can successfully be substituted for SBM on isonitrogenous basis and that most feed evaluation systems overestimate metabolizable protein concentration of SBM relative to CM.Huhtanen, P., Hetta, M. et Swensson, C. 2011. É valuation du tourteau de canola comme supple´ment prote´ique pour la vache laitie`re : revue et me´ta-analyse. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 529Á543. Les auteurs ont proce´de´a`une revue et a`une me´ta-analyse afin de comparer la valeur nutritive du tourteau de soja (TS) a`celle du tourteau de canola (TC) pour la vache laitie`re, et e´valuer l'incidence d'un traitement thermique du TC (TCT) sur le rendement des animaux. La base de donne´es consistait en la moyenne de 292 traitements venant de 122 e´tudes dans lesquelles on avait augmente´la concentration de prote´ines brutes (PB) en remplac¸ant les supple´ments e´nerge´tiques par des supple´ments prote´iques. Les auteurs ont recouru a`un mode`le mixte d'analyse par re´gression a`effet ale´atoire pour estimer la re´action marginale de la production aux diffe´rentes sources de prote´ines. L'e´cart entre les pentes a e´te´compare´au moyen du test t. Toutes les sources de prote´ines augmentent l'ingestion de matie`re se`che, mais le TC et le TCT le font plus (P B 0,01) que le TS. Donner du TC ou du TCT accroıˆt plus (PB0,01) le rendement laitier quotidien que donner du TS (3,490,19 et 3,7 9 0,25 c. 2,190,25 kg par kg de kilo de prote´ines brutes supple´mentaires inge´re´). La re´action marginale du rendement en prote´ines du lait (g par kg de PB sup...

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Effect of ensiled total mixed rations containing sake lees on digestion, nitrogen use, and plasma metabolite concentrations in sheep

Ding

Nishioka

Obitsu

et al. 2022

Animal Science Journal

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Sake lees are a byproduct of Japanese rice wine and used as ruminant feed with high protein and ethanol contents. This study aimed to explore the effects of ensiled total mixed ration (TMR) containing sake lees on rumen fermentation, digestion, nitrogen (N) use, and plasma metabolites in sheep. Four mature wethers were assigned to a 4 Â 4 Latin square design with a factorial arrangement of ensiling treatment (non-ensiled or ensiled TMR) and types of sake lees (traditional or liquefied).Although dietary ethanol consumption was higher in sheep fed ensiled TMR, ruminal and plasma concentrations of methanol and ethanol increased after feeding in all dietary treatments, which was accompanied by the increased plasma concentrations of formate. The intake and digestion of dry matter and N were lower in sheep fed ensiled TMR than in those fed non-ensiled TMR. The plasma concentrations of most amino acids decreased in sheep fed ensiled TMR. Although plasma methionine, serine, and glycine concentrations were not altered by diet, homocysteine concentration was the highest in sheep fed ensiled TMR containing traditional sake lees. The negative impacts of ensiling treatment on N digestion and amino acid utilization should be considered for formulating ensiled TMR containing sake lees.

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Effects of Silage Fermentation and Post‐ruminal Casein Supplementation in Lactating Dairy Cows: 2—Energy Metabolites and Plasma Amino Acids

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Responses to Amino Acid Imbalances and Deficiencies in Lactating Dairy Cows

Responses to Amino Acid Imbalances and Deficiencies in Lactating Dairy Cows

Evaluation of canola meal as a protein supplement for dairy cows: A review and a meta-analysis

Effect of ensiled total mixed rations containing sake lees on digestion, nitrogen use, and plasma metabolite concentrations in sheep

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