Effects of silage quality, protein evaluation systems and milk urea content on milk yield and reproduction in dairy cows

Gustafsson, A. H.; Carlsson, J.

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(93)90066-q

Cited by 50 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The cows with MUN under 10.0 mg/dl presented the worst gestation rate when compared to the cows with MUN above 10.1 mg/dL. Other studies also concluded that a concentration too low in MUN is related to a low fertility in dairy cows (Gustafsson and Carlsson, 1993). The results for AIR and cows in anestrous showed that the levels of MUN under 10.0 mg/dl, between 13.1 to 15.0 mg/dL and above 15.0 mg/dL presented the highest anestrous rates and the lowest AIR, coinciding with low gestation rates in the postpartum period of 55 to 70 days (Table 6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…High levels of MUN usually reflect inadequate synchronism between the carbohydrates available to fermentation in the rumen and rates of degradable (RPD) and undegradability protein in the rumen (RUP) (Gustafsson and Carlsson, 1993). The basis for the usage of MUN as nutritional indicator is the high correlation between the MUN and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), due to the free diffusion of urea in the organic tissues (Moore et al, 1996/ Melendez et al, 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring the nutritional and reproductive state of dairy cows through the presence of urea in milk

Grande

Santos

Ribeiro³

et al. 2009

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the nutritional and reproductive state of dairy cows through the presence of urea in milk

Grande

Santos

Ribeiro³

et al. 2009

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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show abstract

“…The non-protein fraction determination in cow's milk is useful for the cheese industry [15], for assessment of the potential nitrogen pollution by dairy cows [6], as indicator for the reproduction performances control [14] and for assessing feeding strategy of dairy animals [2]. This last point is particularly important in dairy cow farming systems, because the milk urea determination could improve the general metabolic efficiency of the producing animal, but could also help for a better economical management by reducing the protein overfeeding in the diet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of urea concentration in camel milk in Kazakhstan

Faye

Konuspayeva

Loiseau

2010

Dairy Sci. Technol.

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-Urea is a part of non-protein nitrogen in milk. The variability of its concentration was never reported in camel milk. The present communication aimed to give some reference values on urea content in camel milk and to explore some interpretable variation factors. In 102 milk samples collected in Kazakhstan, at four seasons of the year, in four distant regions and in different species (Camelius dromedaries, Camelius bactrianus and their hybrids), urea was determined in the raw milk. The mean value of urea concentration was 81.6 ± 60.4 mg·L −1 with a range of 0-290.5 mg·L −1 . The values changed significantly (P < 0.001) according to season, the highest concentration being observed in spring when the grass contained the highest soluble nitrogen. The milk urea was positively correlated to the total protein concentration in milk. On average, those values were lower than in cow milk.Résumé -Variabilité de la concentration en urée dans le lait de chamelle au Kazakhstan. L'urée représente une part de la fraction azotée non-protéique du lait. La variabilité de sa concentration n'a jamais été rapportée dans le lait de chamelle. Dans 102 échantillons de lait de chamelle collectés au Kazakhstan au cours de quatre saisons, dans quatre régions distantes les unes des autres et chez plusieurs espèces (dromadaire, chameau de Bactriane et hybrides), l'urée a été dosée dans le lait cru. La valeur moyenne de la concentration en urée était de 81,6 ± 60,4 mg·L −1 avec une variation de 0 à 290,5 mg·L

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“…The interval between calving and the first service was found to be longer in herds with urea <4.5 mM compared with herds with urea between 4.5 and 5 mM in one study (Gustafsson and Carlsson, 1993) and in herds with low urea concentration in another study (Carlsson and Pehrson, 1993). Cows with low blood urea (<2.5 mM) and glucose also had poor fertility (Miettinen, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cows with low blood urea (<2.5 mM) and glucose also had poor fertility (Miettinen, 1991). These results have limited value because these analyses (1) were performed using the mean herd values (Gustafsson and Carlsson, 1993); (2) included low numbers of cows (Miettinen, 1991); and (3) measured urea only once at a fixed date without distinguishing before and after insemination. The only work that has analyzed the effect of changes with respect to the date of AI reported the opposite results, with increased conception success with low (<4.5 mM) and high (>6.5 mM) urea levels before AI compared with moderate urea values (Godden et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in milk urea around insemination are negatively associated with conception success in dairy cows

Albaaj

Foucras

Raboisson

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Dietary protein levels are a risk factor for poor reproductive performance. Conception is particularly impaired in cases of high blood or milk urea. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between conception and low milk urea or changes in milk urea around artificial insemination (AI). Data were obtained from the French Milk Control Program for a 4-yr period (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012). Milk urea values between 250 and 450 mg/ kg (4.3 and 7.7 mM) were considered intermediate (I), and values ≤150 mg/kg (2.6 mM) were considered low (L). Milk urea values before and after each AI were allocated into 4 classes representing the dynamics of milk urea (before-after; I-I, I-L, L-I, and L-L). Subclinical ketosis was defined using milk fat and protein contents before AI as proxies. A logistic regression with a Poisson correction and herd as a random variable was then performed on data from Holstein or all breeds of cows. The success of conception was decreased [relative risk (95% confidence interval) = 0.96 (0.94-0.99)] in lowurea cows compared with intermediate-urea cows after AI; no significant association was found for urea levels before AI. When combining data on urea before and after AI, I-L urea cows exhibited a 5 to 9% decrease in conception compared with I-I urea cows, and L-I urea cows showed no difference in conception success compared with I-I urea cows. A decreased conception success for L-L urea cows compared with I-I urea cows was observed for the analysis with cows of all breeds. This work revealed that a decrease in urea from intermediate (before AI) to low (after AI) is a risk factor for conception failure. Surveys of variation in milk urea in dairy cows close to breeding are highly recommended. Key words: dairy cow, milk urea, conception INTRODUCTIONEfficient nutritional management of dairy cattle at calving is one of the most important factors in sustainable dairy farming. It has important effects on the health and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Farmers adopt various nutritional strategies to meet high production requirements while minimizing feed costs and maximizing economic returns. Cows in the early postpartum period experience negative energy balance when their energy requirements exceed their dietary intake (Bauman and Currie, 1980;Bell, 1995). Negative energy balance remains a major challenge for the dairy industry, and extensive literature is available on its physiology, strategic management, and effects on health and performance (Beam and Butler, 1999;Wathes et al., 2003;Raboisson et al., 2014). Protein supply presents a major dietary challenge for postpartum and lactating cows. High-protein diets are widely used during early lactation to stimulate high milk production. However, such diets may be deleterious for reproductive performance, especially when rumendegradable or rumen-undegradable protein exceeds the cow's requirements (Butler, 1998). In contrast, diets with low levels of proteins are often provided to beef cows, which may be fed only hay or grazed ...

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Effects of silage quality, protein evaluation systems and milk urea content on milk yield and reproduction in dairy cows

Cited by 50 publications

References 17 publications

Monitoring the nutritional and reproductive state of dairy cows through the presence of urea in milk

Monitoring the nutritional and reproductive state of dairy cows through the presence of urea in milk

Variability of urea concentration in camel milk in Kazakhstan

Changes in milk urea around insemination are negatively associated with conception success in dairy cows

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