Effects of Silage Species and Supplemental Vitamin E on the Oxidative Stability of Milk

Al-Mabruk, R. M.; Beck, N. F. G.; Dewhurst, R.J.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73180-x

Cited by 77 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The higher concentrations of biohydrogenation intermediates (total trans 18:1 and cis-9, trans-11 CLA) found in milk from cows eating RC-G compared with the grass silages is in contrast with results from Al-Mabruk et al (2004), who found lower concentrations of both these FAs in milk from cows offered red clover silage, whereas van Dorland et al (2008) found a reduced concentration of cis-9, trans-11 CLA but a similar concentration of trans 18:1 FAs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

“…The higher concentration of 18:3n-3 in milk from cows offered the RC-G silage compared with the grass silages is in accordance with earlier studies. Dewhurst et al (2003a) and Al-Mabruk et al (2004) reported higher concentrations of 18:3n-3 in milk from cows offered red clover silages, despite the lower concentration of this FA in the clover silages compared with grass silages. Higher concentrations of PUFAs in milk from cows offered red clover silage have been associated with the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in red clover (Lee et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Further, red clover has been shown to have lower lipolytic activities, or to protect the FA against lipolysis through encapsulation in protein-phenol complexes (Van Ranst et al, 2011). Hence, significantly higher concentrations of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 have been found in milk from cows fed red clover silage than in milk from cows fed ryegrass silage (Dewhurst et al, 2003a;Al-Mabruk et al, 2004). In the cited studies, apparent recoveries of 18:3n-3 from feed to milk ranged from 8% to 10% and 4% to 5% for red clover silage and grass silage, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of N-fertilisation rate or inclusion of red clover to timothy leys on fatty acid composition in milk of dairy cows fed a commercial silage : concentrate ratio

Arvidsson

Gustavsson

Fievez

et al. 2012

Animal

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The aim of this experiment was to, under typical Swedish production conditions, evaluate the effects of grass silages subjected to different N-fertilisation regimes fed to dairy cows on the fatty acid (FA) composition of their milk, and to compare the grass silages in this respect to red clover-dominated silage. Grass silages made from first year Phleum pratense L. leys subjected to three N-fertilisation regimes (30, 90 and 120 kg N/ha, designated G-30, G-90 and G-120, respectively) and a mixed red clover-grass silage (Trifolium pratense L. and P. pratense L.; 60/40 on dry matter (DM) basis, designated RC-G) were produced. The experiment was conducted as a change-over design, including 24 primiparous and multiparous dairy cows of the Swedish Red breed, each of which was allocated to three of the four diets. The cows were offered 11 kg DM of silage and 7 kg concentrates. The silages had similar DM and energy concentrations. The CP concentration increased with increase in N-fertilisation level. There was a linear increase in DM intake of the different silages with increased N fertilisation. There were also differences in concentrations of both individual and total FAs amongst silages. The daily milk production (kg/day) did not significantly differ between treatments, but G-30 silage resulted in higher concentrations of 18:2n-6 in the milk compared with the other two grass silages. The highest concentrations of 18:3n-3 and cis-9, trans-11 18:2 were found in milk from cows offered the RC-G silage. The G-30 diet resulted in higher concentration of 18:2n-6 and the same concentration of 18:3n-3 in the milk as the other grass silages, despite lower intake levels of these FAs. The apparent recoveries of 18:3n-3 from feed to milk were 5.74%, 4.27%, 4.10% and 5.31% for G-30, G-90, G-120 and RC-G, respectively. A higher recovery when red clover is included in the diet confirms previous reports. The higher apparent recovery of 18:3n-3 on the G-30 treatment may be related to the lower silage DM intake, which led to a higher relative proportion of ingested FAs originating from concentrates compared with the G-90 and G-120 diets. With the rates and types of concentrates used in this study, the achieved differences in FA composition among the silages were not enough to influence the concentrations of unsaturated FAs in milk.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of N-fertilisation rate or inclusion of red clover to timothy leys on fatty acid composition in milk of dairy cows fed a commercial silage : concentrate ratio

Arvidsson

Gustavsson

Fievez

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…In spite of this, only the level of ALA was significantly higher (Table 4). It was in agreement with Dewhurst et al (2003) and Al-Mabruk et al (2004) who found that red clover silage has positive effect on ALA, as was also the case in the present study. In contrast to Lee et al (2006) the silage types in the present study had no significant effects on LA and CLA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Impact of crude protein content in silage and concentrate on protein and fatty acid profiles in bovine milk

Johansson¹,

Placha²,

Picková³

et al. 2013

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:Two concentrates, one protein-rich and one based on cereals, were combined with two silages with a crude protein content of 17 and 13% of dry matter (DM), respectively to give four different diets for dairy cows. Milk content of caseins (α S1 -, α S2 -, β-, and κ-casein) and whey proteins (α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG)) and the fatty acid profile of milk were analyzed before the start and on four occasions during the experiment. Milk analyses showed that diet had no influence on the protein profile of the milk. However, a significant increase of α-linolenic acid, 13 and 39%, was obtained on the high protein concentrate feed and on the silage higher in crude protein, respectively. Cows on the protein-rich concentrate diet increased the proportion of conjugated linoleic acid by 53%. Linoleic acid was not affected by the diet.Keywords: milk proteins; feed protein; clover; casein; CLA; α-linolenic acid; capillary electrophoresis The feeding regime for dairy cows differs between conventional and organic production. In organic production a higher percentage of roughage is required. In the rules for organic production within the European Union, roughage should represent at least 60% of the cow's diet with the exception of the first three months where 50% roughage is accepted (European Commission, 2008). Dairy producers also need to supply the cows with organically produced feed to fulfil the rules for organic production (European Commission, 2008). However, the amount of organically produced feed is limited on the market, resulting in increased interest in feed self-sufficiency on organic dairy farms. In addition, if organic dairy producers want to feed protein supplements, the supplements must also be organically produced, which increases the price of these products. Furthermore, supply of organic protein supplements on the market is limited, as is the choice of suitable protein feeds that can be organically produced on the dairy farm. It is therefore of great interest to investigate alternative feeding regimes without the use of protein concentrate supplements to evaluate effects on production parameters such as milk composition.High quality roughage combined with a concentrate consisting of only cereals could be an interesting feeding regime for organic dairy producers. This alternative feeding strategy is economically attractive since cereals can often be grown on the dairy farm. It is therefore important to evaluate the possibility of replacing protein concentrates to some extent with high-quality silage containing a high proportion of legumes such as clover (Rosati and Aumaitre, 2004). Earlier studies have shown that clover has a positive influence not only on feed intake, but also on milk yield (Bertilsson et al., 2002;Bertilsson and Murphy, 2003). It is well known that the fatty acid (FA) profile of milk can 305Czech J. Anim. Sci., 58, 2013 (7): 304-312 Original Paper be influenced by changes in the feed (Palmquist et al., 1993;Chilliard and Ferlay, 2004), while the total protein c...

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“…Vitamin E -oxidative stability Several studies provided evidence that vitamin E supplementation slows down oxidative deterioration of milk Al-Mabruk et al, 2004). In contrast, Slots et al (2007) suggested that milk with a high a-tocopherol concentration was more susceptible to oxidation than milk with low a-tocopherol.…”

Section: Vitamin E Supplementation and Milk Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

Politis

2012

Animal

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Although vitamin E has been known as an essential nutrient for almost 80 years, we are far from a complete understanding of all the aspects related to bioavailability and its effects on health and milk quality in dairy cows. Vitamin E is a generic descriptor for two families of lipid-soluble compounds, the tocopherols and the tocotrienols, of which a-tocopherol has the highest biological activity. Commercially available a-tocopherol supplements for dairy cows contain either the natural RRR form or the synthetic (all-rac) form, which contains all the eight possible stereoisomers (four possessing the 2R and four possessing the 2S configuration) in equimolar amounts. Recent data clearly suggest that an almost complete discrimination against the 2S isomers occurs in dairy cows. Thus, 1 g of the all-rac form is essentially equivalent to 0.5 g of the RRR form. With respect to the effect of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows on health and milk quality, the majority of published studies suggests that vitamin E supplementation at the level 1000 to 4000 IU/cow per day during the dry period reduces both the frequency of intramammary infection and that of clinical mastitis and improves milk quality, as shown by a reduction in the levels of somatic cell count (SCC)/ml in milk, decreased plasmin activity and increased oxidative stability of milk. However, a recent study from the Netherlands suggested that vitamin E supplementation at the 3000 IU/cow per day level during the dry period when combined with high levels of plasma vitamin E at dry-off (.14.5 mmol/l) increases the incidence of mastitis. Data from previously unpublished survey studies and those from published vitamin E feeding trials, in which high levels of blood vitamin E were observed, were reanalyzed. All farms selected for the analysis implemented oral administration of vitamin E at the 3000 IU/cow per day level throughout or during the late dry period (4 weeks before the expected day of parturition). Dairy cows were divided into three groups, depending on blood a-tocopherol levels at dry-off: high (.6.25 mg/ml), medium (between 6.25 and 4.25 mg/ml) and low (,4.25 mg/ml). Data indicate that there were no differences in the incidence of mastitis and in the level of SCC/ml of milk between the three groups. Thus, supplementation of 3000 IU vitamin E/cow per day in the late dry period remains recommended because it is generally associated with decreased risk of mastitis. Conditional or opposite effects have not been repeated and require further research before changing recommendations for vitamin E supplementation.

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Effects of Silage Species and Supplemental Vitamin E on the Oxidative Stability of Milk

Cited by 77 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of N-fertilisation rate or inclusion of red clover to timothy leys on fatty acid composition in milk of dairy cows fed a commercial silage : concentrate ratio

The effect of N-fertilisation rate or inclusion of red clover to timothy leys on fatty acid composition in milk of dairy cows fed a commercial silage : concentrate ratio

Impact of crude protein content in silage and concentrate on protein and fatty acid profiles in bovine milk

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

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