Effects of Silicon, Chromium, and Copper on Kinetic Parameters of Precipitation during Tempering of Medium Carbon Steels

Gokhman, A.; Nový, Zbyšek; Salvetr, Pavel; Ryukhtin, Vasyl; Strunz, Pavel; Motyčka, Petr; Zmeko, Jan; Kotous, Jakub

doi:10.3390/ma14061445

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Enhancement of strength and hardness through copper precipitation strengthening was confirmed in low alloyed low carbon steels [ 18 , 19 , 20 ] as well as in medium carbon steels [ 7 , 12 , 21 ]. Tempered martensite embrittlement (TME) in martensitic steels was studied in [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 1.5 wt% Copper Addition and Various Contents of Silicon on Mechanical Properties of 1.7102 Medium Carbon Steel

et al. 2021

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Requirements for mechanical properties of steels are constantly increasing, and the combination of quenching and tempering is the method generally chosen for achieving high strength in medium carbon steels. This study examines the influence of various silicon contents from 1.06 to 2.49 wt% and the addition of copper (1.47 wt%) on the behavior of 1.7102 steel starting with the as-quenched state and ending with the tempered condition at the temperature of 500 °C. The microstructure was characterized by SEM and TEM, the phase composition and dislocation density were studied by XRD analysis, and mechanical properties were assessed by tensile and hardness testing, whereas tempered martensite embrittlement was assessed using Charpy impact test and the activation energy of carbide precipitation was determined by dilatometry. The benefit of copper consists in the improvement of reduction of area by tempering between 150 and 300 °C. The increase in strength due to copper precipitation occurs upon tempering at 500 °C, where strength is generally low due to a drop in dislocation density and changes in microstructure. The increasing content of silicon raises strength and dislocation density in steels, but the plastic properties of steel are limited. It was found that the silicon content of 1.5 wt% is optimum for the materials under study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 1.5 wt% Copper Addition and Various Contents of Silicon on Mechanical Properties of 1.7102 Medium Carbon Steel

et al. 2021

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“…Martensite start (M S ) and martensite finish (M F ) temperatures as well as the A c3 temperature of the material can be found in literature. [ 26–29 ] These temperatures were about 300, 180, and 845 °C, respectively. The 42CrSi steel represents a modification of materials widely used in the automotive sector, in particular for the production of transport vehicle components.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Analysis of the Stability of Retained Austenite in a Low‐Alloy 42CrSi Steel after Different Quenching and Partitioning Heat Treatments

et al. 2023

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Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steels are characterized by an excellent combination of strength and ductility, opening up great potentials for advanced lightweight components. The Q&P treatment results in microstructures with a martensitic matrix being responsible for increased strength whereas interstitially enriched metastable retained austenite (RA) contributes to excellent ductility. Herein, a comprehensive experimental characterization of microstructure evolution and austenite stability is carried out on a 42CrSi steel being subjected to different Q&P treatments. The microstructure of both conditions is characterized by scanning electron microscopy as well as X‐ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis. Besides macroscopic standard tensile tests, RA evolution under tensile loading is investigated by in situ XRD using synchrotron and laboratory methods. As a result of different quenching temperatures, the two conditions considered are characterized by different RA contents and morphologies, resulting in different strain hardening behaviors as well as strength and ductility values under tensile loading. In situ synchrotron measurements show differences in the transformation kinetics being rationalized by the different morphologies of the RA. Eventually, the evolution of the phase specific stresses can be explained by the well‐known Masing model.

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“…In particular, the alloying of steels with copper is seen as an effective way to further increase the strength of steels. Especially in near-pure iron and low-carbon steels, high yield strength increases of up to 300 MPa can be achieved [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], but the strengthening effect of copper is also observed in medium-carbon steels, precipitation-hardened martensitic steel, and other steels [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. The solubility of Cu in ferrite is very low, and Cu precipitates out from a solid solution when the Cu content is higher than 0.5 wt.% [ 9 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cu Alloying on Mechanical Properties of Medium-C Steel after Long-Time Tempering at 500 °C

et al. 2023

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This research studies the influence of the copper alloying of medium-carbon steel on mechanical properties after quenching and tempering at 500 °C. The microstructure was characterised using SEM, EBSD, TEM, and XRD analysis. The mechanical properties were comprehensively investigated using hardness measurements, tensile and Charpy impact tests and solid solution, grain boundary, dislocation, and precipitation strengthening contributions were estimated. Higher yield strength for Cu-alloyed steel was confirmed at about 35–73 MPa. The precipitation strengthening contribution from Cu precipitates in the range of 11–49 MPa was calculated. The interaction between Cu precipitates and dislocations retards the decrease in dislocation density. Similar values of effective grain size of martensite crystals were measured for Cu-alloyed and Cu-free steel as well. Copper alloyed steel exhibited significantly deteriorated impact toughness, total plastic elongation, and reduction of area. The size of Cu precipitates ranged from 8.3 nm after tempering at 500 °C for 6 h to 13.9 nm after tempering for 48 h.

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Effects of Silicon, Chromium, and Copper on Kinetic Parameters of Precipitation during Tempering of Medium Carbon Steels

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of 1.5 wt% Copper Addition and Various Contents of Silicon on Mechanical Properties of 1.7102 Medium Carbon Steel

Effect of 1.5 wt% Copper Addition and Various Contents of Silicon on Mechanical Properties of 1.7102 Medium Carbon Steel

Experimental Analysis of the Stability of Retained Austenite in a Low‐Alloy 42CrSi Steel after Different Quenching and Partitioning Heat Treatments

Effect of Cu Alloying on Mechanical Properties of Medium-C Steel after Long-Time Tempering at 500 °C

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