Effects of silvicultural intensification on timber yields, carbon dynamics, and tree species composition in a dipterocarp forest in Kalimantan, Indonesia: An individual-tree-based model simulation

Ruslandi,; Cropper, Wendell P.; Putz, Francis E.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.019

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We find that low-intensity certified RIL offers the best overall conservation outcomes per unit of wood produced, in contrast with a growing body of scientific and policy literature supporting intensified forestry (Paquette & Messier 2010;Edwards et al 2014;International Sustainability Unit 2015;Ruslandi et al 2017). Our findings are clearest for climate outcomes, and are driven by the potential for forest managers with secure land tenure to resist deforestation where they have a commercial interest in future timber harvests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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Carbon and Biodiversity Impacts of Intensive Versus Extensive Tropical Forestry

Griscom

Goodman

Buřivalová

et al. 2017

CONSERVATION LETTERS

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How should we meet the demand for wood while minimizing climate and biodiversity impacts? We address this question for tropical forest landscapes designated for timber production. We model carbon and biodiversity outcomes for four archetypal timber production systems that all deliver the same volume of timber but vary in their spatial extent and harvest intensity. We include impacts of variable deforestation risk (secure land tenure or not) and alternative harvesting practices (certified reduced-impact logging methods or not). We find that low-intensity selective logging offers both the best and the worst overall outcomes per unit wood produced, depending on whether certified reduced-impact logging methods are used and whether land tenure is secure. Medium-to-high-intensity natural forest harvests and conversion to high-yield plantations generate intermediate outcomes. Deforestation risk had the strongest influence on overall outcomes. In the absence of deforestation, logging impacts were lowest at intermediate and high management intensities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…; International Sustainability Unit ; Ruslandi et al . ). Our findings are clearest for climate outcomes, and are driven by the potential for forest managers with secure land tenure to resist deforestation where they have a commercial interest in future timber harvests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Carbon and Biodiversity Impacts of Intensive Versus Extensive Tropical Forestry

Griscom

Goodman

Buřivalová

et al. 2017

CONSERVATION LETTERS

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“…In addition to the hydrological benefits, protection of riparian corridors would enhance connectivity for wildlife. Any reductions in timber yields could be easily compensated for with silvicultural treatments in accessible stands (e.g., Ruslandi et al, 2017). Enforcement of spatial planning regulations could be enhanced if governmental and certification body auditors included comprehensive GPS tracks in their reports on inspections of logging locations and practices.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intact Forest in Selective Logging Landscapes in the Tropics

Putz

Baker

Griscom

et al. 2019

Front. For. Glob. Change

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The selective logging that characterizes most timber extraction operations in the tropics leaves large patches of logging blocks (i. e., areas allocated for harvesting) intact, with no direct impacts of the harvest. For example, in the ∼10,000 ha we sampled in 48 forest management enterprises in Africa (Gabon, Republic of Congo, and the Democratic Republic of Congo), Indonesia, Suriname, and Mexico, an average of 57% (range 22-97%) of the area in logging blocks was not directly affected by timber harvests. The proportion of intact forest within logging blocks decreased very slightly with increases in harvest intensity in the accessed portion of the logging blocks (9-86 m 3 ha −1) but decreased strongly with harvest intensity in entire logging blocks (0.3-48.2 m 3 ha −1). More forest was left intact in areas farther from roads, on slopes >40%, and within 25 m of perennial streams, but the effect sizes of each of these variables was small (∼8%). It is less clear how much of the intact forest left after one harvest will remain intact through the next. Conservation benefits without reductions in timber yields will derive from better management planning so that sensitive and ecologically critical areas, such as steep slopes and riparian buffers, constitute permanent reserves of intact forest in selectively logged landscapes in the tropics.

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“…The structure of the piecewise regression can accommodate our theoretical expectation of postlogging demographic changes that result in nonlinear biomass dynamics at the stand level (Piponiot et al, 2016). These demographic changes include elevated mortality rates for a few years after logging followed by increased rates of tree growth and recruitment presumably due to reduced competition and increased sunlight penetration after canopy disturbance (Blanc et al, 2009;Ruslandi et al, 2017;Shenkin, Bolker, Peña-Claros, Licona, & Putz, 2015;Sist & Nguyen-Th e, 2002). How these demographic changes interact with different logging intensities is an open question with fundamental implications for the forest dynamics that determine carbon stocks and the sustainability of timber harvests.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trade‐offs between carbon stocks and timber recovery in tropical forests are mediated by logging intensity

Roopsind

Caughlin

Hout³

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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Forest degradation accounts for ~70% of total carbon losses from tropical forests. Substantial emissions are from selective logging, a land-use activity that decreases forest carbon density. To maintain carbon values in selectively logged forests, climate change mitigation policies and government agencies promote the adoption of reduced-impact logging (RIL) practices. However, whether RIL will maintain both carbon and timber values in managed tropical forests over time remains uncertain. In this study, we quantify the recovery of timber stocks and aboveground carbon at an experimental site where forests were subjected to different intensities of RIL (4, 8, and 16 trees/ha). Our census data span 20 years postlogging and 17 years after the liberation of future crop trees from competition in a tropical forest on the Guiana Shield, a globally important forest carbon reservoir. We model recovery of timber and carbon with a breakpoint regression that allowed us to capture elevated tree mortality immediately after logging. Recovery rates of timber and carbon were governed by the presence of residual trees (i.e., trees that persisted through the first harvest). The liberation treatment stimulated faster recovery of timber albeit at a carbon cost. Model results suggest a threshold logging intensity beyond which forests managed for timber and carbon derive few benefits from RIL, with recruitment and residual growth not sufficient to offset losses. Inclusion of the breakpoint at which carbon and timber gains outpaced postlogging mortality led to high predictive accuracy, including out-of-sample R values >90%, and enabled inference on demographic changes postlogging. Our modeling framework is broadly applicable to studies that aim to quantify impacts of logging on forest recovery. Overall, we demonstrate that initial mortality drives variation in recovery rates, that the second harvest depends on old growth wood, and that timber intensification lowers carbon stocks.

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Effects of silvicultural intensification on timber yields, carbon dynamics, and tree species composition in a dipterocarp forest in Kalimantan, Indonesia: An individual-tree-based model simulation

Cited by 36 publications

References 31 publications

Carbon and Biodiversity Impacts of Intensive Versus Extensive Tropical Forestry

Carbon and Biodiversity Impacts of Intensive Versus Extensive Tropical Forestry

Intact Forest in Selective Logging Landscapes in the Tropics

Trade‐offs between carbon stocks and timber recovery in tropical forests are mediated by logging intensity

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