Effects of silymarin and nano-silymarin on performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of laying hens during storage

Faryadi, Samira; Sheikhahmadi, Ardashir; Farhadi, Ayoub; Nourbakhsh, Himan

doi:10.1080/1828051x.2021.1975503

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Silybin is a quasi-equimolar mixture of two diastereomers named silybin A and silybin B, which is a major bioactive molecule with various biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory [6,7]. Emerging studies showed that dietary silymarin/silybin exhibited health-promoting effects for animals [8,9]. For instance, diets supplemented with silymarin could improve growth performance, intestinal health, and egg quality in poultry [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emerging studies showed that dietary silymarin/silybin exhibited health-promoting effects for animals [8,9]. For instance, diets supplemented with silymarin could improve growth performance, intestinal health, and egg quality in poultry [9,10]. Dietary supplementation with silymarin (40 g/day) during transition and lactation enhanced the serum antioxidant activity of sows [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Dietary Silybin Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Regulation of Intestinal Oxidative Injury and Microflora Dysbiosis in Weaned Piglets

Cai,

Gao,

Yin

et al. 2023

Antioxidants

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Oxidative stress is the major incentive for intestinal dysfunction in weaned piglets, which usually leads to growth retardation or even death. Silybin has caught extensive attention due to its antioxidant properties. Herein, we investigated the effect of dietary silybin supplementation on growth performance and determined its protective effect on paraquat (PQ)-induced intestinal oxidative damage and microflora dysbiosis in weaned piglets. In trial 1, a total of one hundred twenty healthy weaned piglets were randomly assigned into five treatments with six replicate pens per treatment and four piglets per pen, where they were fed basal diets supplemented with silybin at 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg for 42 days. In trial 2, a total of 24 piglets were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments with 12 replicates per treatment and 1 piglet per pen: a basal diet or adding 400 mg/kg silybin to a basal diet. One-half piglets in each treatment were given an intraperitoneal injection of paraquat (4 mg/kg of body weight) or sterile saline on day 18. All piglets were euthanized on day 21 for sample collection. The results showed that dietary supplementation with 400 mg/kg silybin resulted in a lower feed conversion ratio, diarrhea incidence, and greater antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets. Dietary silybin enhanced intestinal antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function in oxidative stress piglets induced by PQ. Silybin inhibited mitochondria-associated endogenous apoptotic procedures and then improved the intestinal barrier function and morphology of PQ-challenged piglets. Moreover, silybin improved intestinal microbiota dysbiosis induced by the PQ challenge by enriching short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacteria, which augmented the production of acetate and propionate. Collectively, these findings indicated that dietary silybin supplementation linearly decreased feed conversion ratio and reduced diarrhea incidence in normal conditions, and effectively alleviated oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, intestinal damage, and microflora dysbiosis in weaned piglets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Dietary Silybin Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Regulation of Intestinal Oxidative Injury and Microflora Dysbiosis in Weaned Piglets

Cai,

Gao,

Yin

et al. 2023

Antioxidants

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“…Feeding incremental levels of milk thistle meal led to a remarkable decrease in serum cholesterol, TG, and MDA concentrations, while there was a significant increase in blood high-density lipoprotein content [52]. In laying hens, the effects on intestinal morphology derived from the administration of SIL were also observed by Faryadi and colleagues [53]. The feed supplementation with a different type-form of SIL (nano-SIL, powder-SIL, and lecithinized-SIL, composition not reported) affected the jejunal morphology, especially with the administration of nano-SIL and lecithinized SIL, with an increase in the villus height, villus width, and villus-to-crypt ratio.…”

Section: Milk Thistle and Its Derivative Products In Poultrymentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The crude protein and ether extract digestibility increased, regardless of the type-form of SIL. Additionally, possibly mediated by the effects of the drug on the gut development and/or retention of dietary nutrients, increased egg production (Em) and egg weight with no BW and FI variations were observed [53]. In Leghorn laying hens fed a diet supplemented with fish or sunflower oil, 30 g/kg of milk thistle cake (composition not reported) improved eggshell quality (strength, thickness, and Haugh unit) with a reduction in egg yolk cholesterol.…”

Section: Milk Thistle and Its Derivative Products In Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The villus height, villus width, and villus to crypt ratio were improved. With nano-SIL there was a reduction in the crypt depth[53] Milk thistle cake15-30 g/kg nr 80 d At 30 g/kg there was an improvement of eggshell strength, thickness, and Haugh unit. In hens fed with a diet with fish or sunflower oil there was a reduction in serum or egg cholesterol concentrations and blood or hepatic MDA content [54] Broiler SIL 0.5-1 % nr 42 d Average DFI, ADWG, and FCR were improved.…”

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Use of Milk Thistle in Farm and Companion Animals: A Review

Guerrini

Tedesco

2022

Planta Med

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Milk thistle, Silybum marianum, is a medicinal plant grown for its bioactive compounds with well-documented antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Milk thistle has a well-established pharmacological reputation for treatments of human liver disease, but it is also used in animals. This review summarizes the experimental evidence of milk thistle’s effects on animals when administered as silymarin extract (feed additive) or a feed ingredient, if administered as seed or expeller/cake with the seed residue still containing the bioactive components. The use as a feed additive or feed ingredient is motivated by the complexity of silymarin registration as a veterinary drug. In farm animals the drug improves the animals’ performance and product quality and oxidative stability, supports liver function during productive life-cycle, improves gut-health and morphology, and can reduce intestinal pathogens. In dogs and cats the treatment is focused on acute and chronic liver diseases including the detoxification processes and support of drug treatments including chemotherapy. In equine athletes milk seed cake showed positive effects and a faster return of cortisol to the resting values before exercise occurred. In aquaculture it confirms its usefulness in supporting animal health and performance. In certain studies it is not clear what has been administered, and the composition and doses are not always clearly reported. A few studies reported no effects, but none reported problems connected to milk thistle administration. However, the overall picture shows that the use of milk thistle results in improved or restored health parameters or better animal performance.

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Evaluating the therapeutic effect of different forms of silymarin on liver status and expression of some genes involved in fat metabolism, antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory in older laying hens

Faryadi,

Sheikhahmadi,

Farhadi

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundSilymarin, the predominant compound of milk thistle, is an extract took out from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans with strong antioxidant capability.MethodsThe experiment was conducted using 70 Lohmann LSL‐Lite hens at 80 weeks of age with 7 treatments each with 10 replicates. Treatments included: (1) control diet without silymarin, (2) daily intake of 100 mg silymarin powder/kg body weight (BW) (PSM100), (3) daily intake of 200 mg silymarin powder/kg BW (PSM200), (4) daily intake of 100 mg nano‐silymarin/kg BW (NSM100), (5) daily intake of 200 mg nano‐silymarin/kg BW (NSM200), (6) daily intake of 100 mg lecithinized silymarin/kg BW (LSM100) and (7) daily intake of 200 mg lecithinized silymarin/kg BW (LSM200). The birds were housed individually, and diets were fed for 12 weeks.ResultsScanning electron microscopy showed that NSM was produced with the average particle size of 20.30 nm. Silymarin treatment improved serum antioxidant enzyme activity. All groups receiving silymarin showed a decrease in liver malondialdehyde content, expression of fatty acid synthase, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL‐6) genes in the liver, and hepatic steatosis than the control, except those fed the PSM100 diet. There were decreases in liver dry matter and fat contents, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocyte ballooning, and an increase in glutathione peroxidase gene expression and a decrease in iNOS gene expression in birds fed the NSM100, NSM200, LSM100 and LSM200 diets compared to the control group. Moreover, all groups receiving silymarin showed a significant decrease in liver weight compare to the control group.ConclusionsOverall, the effects of silymarin when converted to NSM or LSM and offered at the level of 200 mg/kg BW were more pronounced on the hepatic variables and may be useful in the prevention of the liver disease in older laying hens.

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Effects of silymarin and nano-silymarin on performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of laying hens during storage

Cited by 14 publications

References 64 publications

The Effects of Dietary Silybin Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Regulation of Intestinal Oxidative Injury and Microflora Dysbiosis in Weaned Piglets

The Effects of Dietary Silybin Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Regulation of Intestinal Oxidative Injury and Microflora Dysbiosis in Weaned Piglets

Use of Milk Thistle in Farm and Companion Animals: A Review

Evaluating the therapeutic effect of different forms of silymarin on liver status and expression of some genes involved in fat metabolism, antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory in older laying hens

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