Effects of Simulated Winter Browsing by Moose on Morphology and Biomass of Two Birch Species

Bergström, Roger; Danell, Kjell

doi:10.2307/2260432

Cited by 151 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This is consistent with previous studies on Betula species (Bergström & Danell 1987;Hjältén, Danell & Ericson 1993;Hester et al 2004), indicating that B. pubescens was able to compensate for the removal of tissues at this level of simulated herbivory. We also found no effect of herbivory on CI, suggesting that the lack of browsing effect translated into a lack of effect of browsing on competitive ability.…”

Section: Herbivorysupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Browsing from large herbivores also restricts tree sapling survival and growth in many systems across the world (Bergström & Danell 1987;Hester, Mitchell & Kirby 1996; Van Hees, Kuiters & Slim 1996;Millard, Hester, Wendler & Baillie 2001;Hester, Millard, Baillie & Wendler 2004) and, in some areas, prevents the establishment, expansion or renewal of woodland (Hester, Edenius, Buttenschon & Kuiters 2000;Kuiters & Slim 2002;Hester, Bergman, Iason & Moean (in press)). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Above- and below-ground competition effects of two heathland species: Implications for growth and response to herbivory in birch saplings

Millett

Hester²,

Millard³

et al. 2008

Basic and Applied Ecology

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307 2 SummaryWe examined experimentally the effect of competition from two common heathland plant species (Calluna vulgaris or Molinia caerulea) on Betula pubescens saplings subjected to simulated mammalian browsing damage. We tested two hypotheses: that B. pubescens saplings alter their growth allocation in response to different patterns of competition from the two species in order to maximise resource acquisition; and that, when only B. pubescens saplings are damaged, herbivory reduces its ability to compete with both species.In an ex-situ experiment we grew B. pubescens saplings in the presence of below-or above-and below-ground interactions from C. vulgaris or M. caerulea. Saplings were also subjected to simulated browsing by clipping (50% of current year's growth), either pre-senescence or at bud-burst. We measured the morphology and dry mass allocation response of the saplings over a period of two years.We found that competition reduced sapling dry mass by approximately 50%, but C. vulgaris reduced dry mass to a greater extent than did M. caerulea. The total competition intensity of C. vulgaris was greater than that of M. caerulea, due to an apparent facilitative effect of M. caerulea shoots on birch growth. Saplings compensated for browsing damage, resulting in no difference in dry mass one year after damage. However, sapling morphological responses to browsing damage were dependent on the competing species.Despite the large competitive effect of below-ground interactions, saplings did not increase allocation to root growth as predicted. Additionally, in response to aboveground interactions from M. caeruela, saplings increased allocation to root growth. 3This study highlights the importance of patterns, as well as intensity, of competition in determining plant responses to inter-specific interactions. Sapling responses did not follow the pattern predicted by the balanced-growth hypothesis. We suggest that this is due to the multi-functionality of plant component parts and the balance between competitive and facilitative effects of interacting plants.

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Section: Herbivorysupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Above- and below-ground competition effects of two heathland species: Implications for growth and response to herbivory in birch saplings

Millett

Hester²,

Millard³

et al. 2008

Basic and Applied Ecology

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“…More shoots were produced in heights reachable by both impala and kudu. Other studies have reported browsed trees as producing shoots with increased biomass per shoot (Bergström & Danell, 1987), increased nitrogen concentration and decreased concentration of secondary compounds like condensed tannins (Du Toit et al, 1990) compared with unbrowsed individuals. Eland at high densities prevent the recruitment of Combretum apiculatum from the 2.6 -5.5 m height class to the >5.6 m height class (see Figure 3).…”

Section: Mean Net Biomass (G)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Woody Plant-Herbivore Interactions in Semi-Arid Savanna Ecosystems

Sebata¹

2013

Herbivory

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“…Direct and indirect effects of browsing can result in morphological (Bergström & Danell 1987;Hester et al 1996;Van Hees, Kuiters & Slim 1996), physiological (Millard, Hester, Wendler, & Baillie 2001), and induced chemical (Hol et al 2004, Bryant, Danell, Provenza, Reichardt, Clausen et al 1991aBryant, Provenza, Pastor, Reichardt, Clausen et al 1991b;Bryant, Kuropat, Reichardt & Clausen 1991c;Tallamy & Raup 1991) sapling responses. Inter-and intra-specific plant associations also influence tree sapling establishment success (Berkowitz, Canham & Kelly 1995;Gordon & Rice 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do different competing species influence the response of Betula pubescens Ehrh. to browsing?

Millett

Hester²,

Millard³

et al. 2006

Basic and Applied Ecology

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• his is the uthor9s version of work tht ws epted for pulition in fsi nd epplied iologyF ghnges resulting from the pulishing proessD suh s peer reviewD editingD orretionsD struturl formttingD nd other qulity ontrol mehnisms my not e refleted in this doE umentF ghnges my hve een mde to this work sine it ws sumitE ted for pulitionF e definitive version ws susequently pulished tX httpXGGdxFdoiForgGIHFIHITGjFeFPHHSFHSFHHR found that when natural browsing levels were high, browsing masked any differences in inter-specific interactions between plant species. We propose that, in regeneration schemes where deer densities are reduced, these differences should confer a competitive advantage to saplings growing with M. caerulea over those growing with C. vulgaris.Additionally, our results highlight the importance of browsing history, rather than just current browsing levels, in determining sapling growth responses under different herbivore management regimes.This study highlights the importance of multi-factor interactions in determining plant growth and morphology under different conditions. In particular we identify the prevalence of interactions between competition, herbivory and time, as determining the potential growth and morphology of B. pubescens saplings in regeneration areas. This has important implications for the management of sites where browsing impedes the natural 3 regeneration of trees and shrubs, or where herbivore densities have been reduced to encourage woodland regeneration.

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Effects of Simulated Winter Browsing by Moose on Morphology and Biomass of Two Birch Species

Cited by 151 publications

References 14 publications

Above- and below-ground competition effects of two heathland species: Implications for growth and response to herbivory in birch saplings

Above- and below-ground competition effects of two heathland species: Implications for growth and response to herbivory in birch saplings

Woody Plant-Herbivore Interactions in Semi-Arid Savanna Ecosystems

How do different competing species influence the response of Betula pubescens Ehrh. to browsing?

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