Effects of Single and Combined Infection of Arrowleaf Clover with Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus and a
Phytophthora
sp. on Reproduction and Colonization by Pea Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae)
1

Ellsbury, M. M.; Pratt, Robert G.; Knight, W. E.

doi:10.1093/ee/14.3.356

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The response of A. pisum to virus infection of the host has been found to vary between different plant species (and genotypes) and be modified by the stage of the disease and degree of symptom development (e.g. bean yellow mosaic virus; Marrkula and Laurema 1964;Ellsbury et al 1985). With aphids, there is also the possibility that observed patterns in performance or behaviour are specific to the particular clone under investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex interactions between a plant pathogen and insect parasitoid via the shared vector-host: consequences for host plant infection

Hodge

Powell

2008

Oecologia

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Plant viruses modify the development of their aphid vectors by inducing physiological changes in the shared host plant. The performance of hymenopterous parasitoids exploiting these aphids can also be modified by the presence of the plant pathogen. We used laboratory and glasshouse microcosms containing beans (Vicia faba) as the host plant to examine the interactions between a plant virus (pea enation mosaic virus; PEMV) and a hymenopterous parasitoid (Aphidius ervi) that share the aphid vector/host Acyrthosiphon pisum. Neither PEMV-infection of V. faba, nor the carriage of PEMV virions by A. pisum, affected the growth or morphology of the aphid, or the oviposition behaviour and development of A. ervi. The presence of developing Aphidius ervi larvae within Acyrthosiphon pisum did not affect the ability of the aphids to transmit PEMV. However, by reducing their longevity, parasitism ultimately decreased the time viruliferous aphids were able to inoculate plants. In terms of virus dispersal, parasitized aphids exhibited more movement around experimental arenas than unparasitized controls, causing a slight increase in the proportion of beans infected with PEMV. Exposure to adult Aphidius ervi caused Acyrthosiphon pisum to rapidly drop off bean plants and disperse to new hosts, resulting in considerably higher plant infection rates (70%) than that seen in control arenas (25%). The results of this investigation demonstrate that when parasitoids are added to a plant-pathogen-vector system, benefits to the host plant due to reduced herbivore infestation must be balanced against the consequences of parasitoid-induced aphid dispersal and a subsequent increase in the level of plant infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex interactions between a plant pathogen and insect parasitoid via the shared vector-host: consequences for host plant infection

Hodge

Powell

2008

Oecologia

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“…Generally, many insects appear to avoid fungus-infected plant tissue (Lewis 1979;Apriyanto and Potter 1990;Hatcher et al 1994aHatcher et al , 1995Hoy et al 1998;Moran 1998). Negative effects on growth and reproduction of other insects due to host plant fungal infection are also known, including the biotrophic rust U. viciae-fabae (Zebitz and Kehlenbeck 1991) and the necrotrophic fungus Phytophthora erythroseptica (Pratt et al 1982;Ellsbury et al 1985). More generally, plant infections by biotrophic pathogens are more likely to cause negative effects on insect herbivores than are plant infections by necrotrophic fungi (Hatcher 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect interaction between a fungal plant pathogen and a herbivorous beetle of the weed Cirsium arvense

Kruess

2002

Oecologia

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Interactions between plants and their natural enemies are well studied, but investigations on the indirect interactions between plant enemies that simultaneously exploit a host plant are rare. Yet these plant-mediated interactions are important because they may affect not only the impact of plant antagonists on plant survival but may also influence the performance of the other plant exploiters. This study focused on the indirect effects of a systemic infection of creeping thistle, [irsium arvense (L.) Scop., with the necrotrophic fungus Phoma destructiva (Plowr.) on the phytophagous leaf beetle Cassida rubiginosa Müller, by examining egg deposition, food plant choice, and larval and pupal performance of the beetle. Thus, the results give a broader view than most other studies of plant-mediated effects of a pathogen on a phytophagous insect. Since both the beetle and the fungus are considered as agents for the biological control of C. arvense, the results are also of interest for applied ecology. Potted plants of C. arvense were inoculated with a conidiospore suspension of P. destructiva to cause a systemic infection of the plants. In a cage experiment, ovipositing females of C. rubiginosa showed a significant preference for healthy thistles. In dual-choice tests, adults of C. rubiginosa preferred leaf discs from healthy thistles over those from Phoma-infected thistles. The beetles also consumed significantly more leaf tissue from healthy than from infected plants. Development time from freshly hatched larvae until pupation was significantly longer for larvae fed on infected leaves. The weight of last-instar larvae and pupae was lower, and larval and pupal mortality was higher when larvae had been fed with infected compared to healthy leaves. Thus, the combined use of both potential biological control agents may be of lowered efficiency because (1) C. rubiginosa avoided infected thistles for both egg deposition and adult feeding and (2) Phoma infection negatively affected larval development and increased larval and pupal mortality of the beetle.

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“…Increased performance of insects reared on some virus-infected plants might thus be due to better availability of nutrients in infected plants. Such effects, however, are not universal, and decreases in vector fitness owing to infection have also been reported (Ellsbury et al 1985;Power 1992 Previous studies indicate that vectors settle preferentially on infected plants because of visual or olfactory cues expressed by these plants. Some virus -host interactions lead to an increase in some components of vector fitness.…”

Section: (B) Effect Of Viral Infection On the Vectormentioning

confidence: 99%

The virulence–transmission trade-off in vector-borne plant viruses: a review of (non-)existing studies

Froissart

Doumayrou

Vuillaume

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

125

110

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The adaptive hypothesis invoked to explain why parasites harm their hosts is known as the trade-off hypothesis, which states that increased parasite transmission comes at the cost of shorter infection duration. This correlation arises because both transmission and disease-induced mortality (i.e. virulence) are increasing functions of parasite within-host density. There is, however, a glaring lack of empirical data to support this hypothesis. Here, we review empirical investigations reporting to what extent within-host viral accumulation determines the transmission rate and the virulence of vector-borne plant viruses. Studies suggest that the correlation between within-plant viral accumulation and transmission rate of natural isolates is positive. Unfortunately, results on the correlation between viral accumulation and virulence are very scarce. We found only very few appropriate studies testing such a correlation, themselves limited by the fact that they use symptoms as a proxy for virulence and are based on very few viral genotypes. Overall, the available evidence does not allow us to confirm or refute the existence of a transmission -virulence trade-off for vector-borne plant viruses. We discuss the type of data that should be collected and how theoretical models can help us refine testable predictions of virulence evolution.

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Effects of Single and Combined Infection of Arrowleaf Clover with Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus and a Phytophthora sp. on Reproduction and Colonization by Pea Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) 1

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Complex interactions between a plant pathogen and insect parasitoid via the shared vector-host: consequences for host plant infection

Complex interactions between a plant pathogen and insect parasitoid via the shared vector-host: consequences for host plant infection

Indirect interaction between a fungal plant pathogen and a herbivorous beetle of the weed Cirsium arvense

The virulence–transmission trade-off in vector-borne plant viruses: a review of (non-)existing studies

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