Our objective was to investigate the impact of methotrexate, paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (M-TIP) on longterm fertility in poor-risk nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). Thirty patients with poor-risk NSGCT (median age, 29 years; range, 17-62 years) were treated with methotrexate 250 mg/m 2 with folinic acid rescue (day 1) and paclitaxel 175 mg/ m 2 (day 1), followed by ifosfamide 1.2 g/m 2 and cisplatin 20 mg/m 2 (days 2-6). Treatment consisted of 4 cycles of M-TIP administered every 3 weeks. Twenty-one patients were continuously disease-free at a median follow-up of 5.3 years (range, 0.9-8.4 years). Sperm count and hormonal analyses were examined prechemotherapy (30 patients) and postchemotherapy (21 patients). Counts were classified as follows: lower than 1 6 10 6 /mL, azoospermia; 1-20 6 10 6 / mL, oligospermia (OS); higher than 20 6 10 6 /mL, normospermia (NS). Patients were followed for a median of 2.3 years (range, 0.9-3.8 years) postchemotherapy. The prechemotherapy median luteinizing hormone (LH) serum levels were slightly above the upper normal limit, whereas the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) were within the reference interval. Eleven (52.3%) patients had NS prechemotherapy. Among the patients with NS, 72.7% still had NS following chemotherapy. Overall, 17 of 21 (80.9%; 33.3% OS and 47.6% NS) patients had recovery of spermatogenesis after treatment. The median FSH serum levels were significantly elevated at least 1 year postchemotherapy when compared with the pretreatment levels. Eighteen months after the completion of chemotherapy the median FSH levels had returned to the reference limits. Serum LH and T levels were unaffected by chemotherapy. Prior to chemotherapy 4 of 30 patients had fathered 5 children. Since completion of chemotherapy, 5 patients have fathered 5 children. The majority of men with poor-risk germ cell tumors who were treated with the M-TIP regimen demonstrated recovery spermatogenesis after treatment, and Leydig cell function was unaffected.Key words: Fertility, gonadal toxicity.
J Androl 2009;30:280-286T he treatment of metastatic germ cell tumors (GCT) with the introduction of cisplatin-based chemotherapy results in the cure of approximately 80% of patients (Bosl and Motzer, 1997). In 1997, the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) (1997) published a new classification system based on data collected from more than 5000 GCT patients treated from 1975 to 1990. This system classifies patients with disseminated GCT into good-, intermediate-, or poor-risk groups on the basis of 3 criteria: the primary tumor site, the levels of serum tumor markers, and whether nonpulmonary visceral metastases are present. According to this classification system, patients allocated to the good-risk group have a 5-year survival rate of 92%, whereas patients in the intermediate-and poor-risk groups have 5-year survival rates of 82% and 48%, respectively. Patients with markedly elevated tumor markers, nonpulmonary viscer...