Effects of sintering temperature and doping content on luminescence properties of rare earth (Sm+3, Eu3+, and Dy3+) doped natural fluorapatite

Synthesis and Characterization of Luminescent Er3+-Doped Natural Fluorapatite

“…Furthermore, although the FTIR results show that there are no OH vibrations at ∼3600 cm −1 , the low-intensity absorption band at 630 cm −1 indicates that there is OH in the structure. 3 Consequently, it is possible to say that the natural calcium apatite structure is not pure FAP but contains HAP, albeit in low amounts. In addition, SiO 2 (ICDD 46-1045) and CaCO 3 (ICDD 47-1743) are found as secondary crystalline phases.…”

“…It has been determined from the previous study that the optimal temperature for the rare earth elements to diffuse into the natural fluorapatite structure is 1150 °C. 3 Therefore, in this study, three different methods, namely solid-state powder process, conventional sintering, and spark plasma sintering, were applied separately for erbium ions to diffuse the natural fluorapatite structure. For the solid-state powder process, powders were treated at 1150 °C for 1 h under atmospheric conditions.…”

“…The chemical formula of apatites is M 10 (TO 4 ) 6 X 2, where M represents divalent cations such as Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , TO 4 : trivalent anions such as PO 4 , and X: monovalent anions such as OH − , Cl − and F − . [1][2][3] The most common apatite structure is the hexagonal symmetry P6 3 /m space symmetry. Hence, apatites are called hydroxyapatite (HAP), chlorapatite (ClAP), or fluorapatite (FAP), respectively, depending on their structures' OH − , Cl − , or F − .…”

Structure, luminescence properties and energy transfer of terbium and samarium co-doped barium based apatite phosphor with tunable emission colour

“…Due to their extraordinary and distinctive properties, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are often regarded as representing the fourth generation of lighting sources in the general lighting market [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Attractive colours, tiny size, and exquisite construction all contribute to LEDs' popularity for use in decorating and illuminating urban areas [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Tb3+ and Sm3+ co-doped Ca2La3(SiO4)3F phosphor: synthesis, color regulation, and luminescence properties

“…Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered to represent the fourth generation of light sources in the general lighting industry because of their exceptional and unique qualities. [1][2][3] Because LEDs possess attractive colors, a tiny form factor, and ease of construction, they have widespread usage in the decoration and night illumination of cities. [4][5][6] Combining phosphors with n-UV chips (350-420 nm) is one approach that LEDs gives practical colors in their light output.…”