Effects of sire, dam traits, calf traits, and environment on dystocia and subsequent reproduction of two-year-old heifers.

Colburn, Dave; Deutscher, Gene H.; Nielsen, Marie Vejrup; Adams, Don C.

doi:10.2527/1997.7561452x

Cited by 61 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Sex of calf in parity ≥ 3 had no effect on DM, probably due to that older cows have larger pelvic dimensions and lower incidence of dystocia that could mitigate the subsequent consequences of dystocia. Colburn et al (1997) found that heifers with smaller pelvic area had higher requirements of caesarean section. Since cows with female calf had higher Milk200, Milk300, P2:1 and P3:1, F2:1 and F3:1 and LL, it can be concluded that giving birth to a female calf increase milk and fat yield through increasing persistency (i.e., dystocia has higher effects on production in later parts of lactation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They indicated that dystocia significantly reduced whole lactation milk yield. Colburn et al (1997), Bareille et al (2003), Berry et al (2007), Alphonsus et al (2011), Eaglen et al (2011 and Ghavi HosseinZadeh (2013) studied the effect of many factors on productive and reproductive traits of dairy cows, but the effect of sex of born calf on economically important traits has been less investigated. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate: 1) the effect of calf sex and season of calving on some productive, reproductive and health traits, and 2) the difference between first lactation performances of cows with different calf sex within different calving seasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of calf sex on some productive, reproductive and health traits in Holstein cows

Chegini

Hossein-Zadeh

Hosseini-Moghadam

2015

Span. j. agric. res.

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<p>Records of Holstein cows from March 1992 to April 2008 from 194 large herds and comprising from 402,716 records for productive traits to 178,344 records of somatic cell count were used to study the effect of calf sex in different parities and calving season on the subsequent productive, reproductive and health traits in Holstein cows. T-test procedure of SAS software was used to investigate the effect of calf sex and season of calving on aforementioned traits. Cows with female calves had higher milk and fat yield, persistency of milk and fat yield and longer lactation length, while cows that gave birth to male calves had shorter calving interval and longer productive life. Also, cows with female calves had higher milk yield per day of lactation in the first two parities, but there was no difference in milk yield per day of lactation for parities ≥ 3. There was no relationship among mean somatic cell count and sex of born calf. Fall calves had the highest adjusted milk yield and milk yield per day of lactation, however, winter calves had the longest lactation lengthand productive life and the highest somatic cell count. Results from this study demonstrate that it seems necessary to consider the effect of calf sex on aforementioned traits when making decision to use sexed semen or conventional semen.</p>

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of calf sex on some productive, reproductive and health traits in Holstein cows

Chegini

Hossein-Zadeh

Hosseini-Moghadam

2015

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Colder weather is associated with increased gestation length, higher calf birth weight and dystocia (Colburn et al, 1997;McGuirk et al, 1999), all contributory factors to perinatal mortality. In Ireland the onset of colder weather in winter coincides with the last trimester of gestation when the majority of foetal growth occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, perinatal calf mortality in pasture-based Holstein-Friesian cows

Mee

Berry

Cromie

2008

Animal

119

104

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Recent publications indicate that the prevalence of perinatal mortality has increased in some dairy industries and an increased proportion of this loss is not associated with the traditional risk factors for perinatal mortality. The objectives of this study were to establish the prevalence of perinatal mortality (calf death within 24 h of calving) in Irish dairy herds and to determine the current significance of putative risk factors in pasture-based management systems. A total of 182 026 records of full-term calvings from Holstein-Friesian dams served by artificial insemination (AI) sires of seven breeds in herds of 20 calvings or more per year were available from the Irish national breeding database over 4 years (2002 to 2005). The prevalence of perinatal mortality was 4.29% (7.7% in primiparae and 3.5% in pluriparae). The likelihood of perinatal mortality increased between 2002 and 2005 and was greatest in June and in winter. There was an interaction (P , 0.001) between the effect of calving assistance and parity with the effect of dystocia on perinatal mortality being greater in primiparae. The odds of perinatal mortality were greater in male (OR 5 1.12; P , 0.001) and in twin calves (OR 5 5.70-13.36; P , 0.001) and in dams that had perinatal mortality at the previous calving (OR 5 4.21; P , 0.001). The logit of the probability of perinatal mortality increased by 0.099 per unit increase in sire predicted transmitting ability (PTA) for direct perinatal mortality. The probability of perinatal mortality increased at an increasing rate in primiparae as animals calved at a younger age relative to the median age at first calving. The only herd-level factor examined, herd size did not affect the odds of perinatal mortality. These data indicate that the prevalence of perinatal mortality in this cattle population is similar to that in other pasture-based dairy systems worldwide. The putative exposures and attributes traditionally associated with perinatal mortality were associated with perinatal mortality in this pasture-based dairy cow population. The practical implication of these results is that as many of the significant risk factors are largely not under management control (year of calving, month of calving, twin calving, primiparity, previous perinatal mortality and foetal gender), herd owners must focus on the significant determinants under their control (age at first calving, sire genetic merit for direct perinatal mortality and both the extent of calving supervision and the degree of assistance), in order to reduce the prevalence of perinatal mortality and improve perinatal welfare.

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“…In the study of McGuirk et al (1998), an increase in dystocia was associated with larger calves and calves with a better conformation (more developed muscles). More specifically among body measurements, the calf's head circumference and shoulder width (SW) appeared to be the most important predictors of the likely severity of dystocia (Colburn et al, 1997). In addition, the dimension of the calf's heart girth (HG) seemed to have a significant association with dystocia (Thomson and Wiltbank, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Johanson and Berger (2003) demonstrated that the odds of dystocia increased by 13% by every kilogram increase of BW. Other factors that have been reported to influence the incidence of dystocia are the calf's body conformation (Morrison et al, 1985) and gender, its sire, the dam's age and pelvic area (Laster, 1974;Bellows and Short, 1978), her weight and body condition (Berry et al, 2007), and finally, some environmental effects such as the ambient temperature (Brinks et al, 1973;Anderson, 1990;Colburn et al, 1997). In addition, inadequate heifer growth and development, abnormalities in hormone profiles during pregnancy and at parturition or abnormal position of the calf at the time of birth will also cause dystocia (Berger et al, 1992;Anderson and Bullock, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of body measurements of newborn purebred Belgian Blue calves

Kolkman

Opsomer

Aerts

et al. 2010

Animal

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At calving, purebred animals of the Belgian Blue (BB) breed are compromised by the incompatibility in size and shape of the dam and her calf, resulting in a very high incidence of dystocia problems. To clarify which body parts of the calf are of decisive importance to allow natural delivery and to investigate both the mean value as well as the variation among these body sizes within this breed (variation being an important condition for selection), measurements of nine body parts (body weight at birth (BW), body length (BL), length of the head (LH), shoulder width (SW), hip width (HW), heart girth (HG), withers height (WH) and the circumference of the fetlock of both the front (CFF) and the hind leg (CFH)) were assessed in 147 newborn purebred BB calves on 17 farms. Simple and partial correlations were assessed and we examined whether environmental factors (gender of the calf, parity of the cow, type of calving, season of birth and time of measurement after birth) were significantly associated with these specific calf measurements. The mean BW was 49.2 6 7.1 kg. The average BL was 56.4 6 4.5 cm and the mean LH was 24.4 6 2.3 cm. Measurements obtained for SW and HW were 22.4 6 2.2 and 22.9 6 2.1 cm, respectively, whereas the mean WH was 71.1 6 4.7 cm. Measurements of circumferences revealed a CFF of 17.9 6 1.1 cm, a CFH of 18.0 6 1.0 cm and a mean HG of 78.0 6 5.4 cm. Partial correlations of the BW with eight body measurements were significant (P , 0.01) and ranged between 0.17 and 0.85; 0.42 and 0.88; and 0.24 and 0.88 when corrected for gender, parity and type of calving, respectively. BL (P , 0.01) and the CFF and CFH (P , 0.001) are larger in bull calves than in heifer calves. Calves born through caesarean section had broader SW (P , 0.01) and HW (P , 0.01) when compared with calves born after natural calving (defined as born per vaginam without assistance or with slight traction). Sizes of calves born out of multiparous cows were generally larger than of calves born out of heifers (SW: P , 0.001; HW: P , 0.05). As SW and HW are the broadest points of a BB calf, they are both candidates for being the limiting measures for calving ease, but the difference between HW and SW for the total data set was not different from zero (P . 0.05). In contrast to male calves in which no significant difference (between HW and SW) could be found, female calves show the difference between HW and SW that was significantly different from zero (P , 0.001); thus, in female calves, the HW is the most limiting factor of the calf's body. The significant variation in some body measures between the calves and the strong correlation within these sizes raises the possibility of selection towards smaller calves aiming to limit the dystocia problem in the BB breed. Furthermore, on the basis of our results, we were able to build equations for the farmer to use at the moment of calving containing the LH, the CF and the calf's gender to estimate SW and HW, the limiting body parts of the calf to be born naturally. Together with the knowledge o...

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Effects of sire, dam traits, calf traits, and environment on dystocia and subsequent reproduction of two-year-old heifers.

Cited by 61 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of calf sex on some productive, reproductive and health traits in Holstein cows

Effect of calf sex on some productive, reproductive and health traits in Holstein cows

Prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, perinatal calf mortality in pasture-based Holstein-Friesian cows

Analysis of body measurements of newborn purebred Belgian Blue calves

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