Effects of Six Modifications on the Incidence and Levels of Spoilage and Pathogenic Organisms on Commercially Processed Postchill Broilers

Waldroup, A. L.; Rathgeber, Bruce; Forsythe, Richard H.; Smoot, Les

doi:10.1093/japr/1.2.226

Cited by 73 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These results suggest that cross-contamination from the scald tank to the chilling tanks is relatively low. Similar results showing low cross-contamination of the chill tank were obtained by James et al (1992) and Waldroup et al (1992). They observed that chicken carcasses usually came out of the chill tank with lower microbial numbers than before entry.…”

Section: Analysis Of Microbial Levels In Scald Tank Watersupporting

confidence: 85%

Adenosine Triphosphate Bioluminescence as a Method to Determine Microbial Levels in Scald and Chill Tanks at a Poultry Abattoir

et al. 1994

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According to Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) programs developed for the poultry industry, poultry processing waters should be actively monitored to minimize cross-contamination between chicken carcasses. In order to monitor HACCP programs, a test is required that provides results on a real time basis. A modified adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence test has been developed that can assess microbial levels in poultry processing waters within 15 min. A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of this test for examining scald, prechill, and chill tank waters. The results showed that the modified ATP bioluminescence method gave results comparable to plate counts. The microbial levels were dependent on the tank and the time of sampling. The highest microbial levels were detected in the scald tank. In all three tanks, the microbial levels increased over time during the day.

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Section: Analysis Of Microbial Levels In Scald Tank Watersupporting

confidence: 85%

Adenosine Triphosphate Bioluminescence as a Method to Determine Microbial Levels in Scald and Chill Tanks at a Poultry Abattoir

et al. 1994

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“…The dynamics of phage-bacterium interactions in vivo may be very different from those in vitro because of the viscosity of the gut matrix (29), complex physicochemical environment, and host defenses (8). The numbers of salmonellas in the ceca of commercial broiler chickens and on processed carcasses are generally low (10,28). This compounds the problems phage have in locating a suitable host in a complex intestinal milieu containing large numbers of "decoy" bacteria and particulate matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage Therapy To Reduce Salmonella Colonization of Broiler Chickens

Atterbury

Bergen

Ortiz

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

309

180

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Acute enteric infections caused by salmonellas remain a major public health burden worldwide. Poultry, particularly chickens, are known to be the main reservoir for this zoonotic pathogen. Although some progress has been made in reducing Salmonella colonization of broiler chickens by using biosecurity and antimicrobials, it still remains a considerable problem. The use of host-specific bacteriophages as a biocontrol is one possible intervention by which Salmonella colonization could be reduced. A total of 232 Salmonella bacteriophages were isolated from poultry farms, abattoirs, and wastewater in 2004 and 2005. Three phages exhibiting the broadest host ranges against Salmonella enterica serotypes Enteritidis, Hadar, and Typhimurium were characterized further by determining their morphology and lytic activity in vitro. These phages were then administered in antacid suspension to birds experimentally colonized with specific Salmonella host strains. The first phage reduced S. enterica serotype Enteritidis cecal colonization by >4.2 log 10 CFU within 24 h compared with controls. Administration of the second phage reduced S. enterica serotype Typhimurium by >2.19 log 10 CFU within 24 h. The third bacteriophage was ineffective at reducing S. enterica serotype Hadar colonization. Bacteriophage resistance occurred at a frequency commensurate with the titer of phage being administered, with larger phage titers resulting in a greater proportion of resistant salmonellas. The selection of appropriate bacteriophages and optimization of both the timing and method of phage delivery are key factors in the successful phage-mediated control of salmonellas in broiler chickens.

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“…Our model studies in chickens were conducted under very strict conditions, using an infective dose of Salmonella that corresponded to levels of bacterial colonization significantly higher than those typically determined on commercial broiler chickens (26). The fact that our bacteriophage cocktail was highly effective supports its further experimentation with commercial broilers.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 91%

Significance of the Bacteriophage Treatment Schedule in Reducing Salmonella Colonization of Poultry

Bardina

Spricigo

Cortés

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

114

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bSalmonella remains the major cause of food-borne diseases worldwide, with chickens known to be the main reservoir for this zoonotic pathogen. Among the many approaches to reducing Salmonella colonization of broilers, bacteriophage offers several advantages. In this study, three bacteriophages (UAB_Phi20, UAB_Phi78, and UAB_Phi87) obtained from our collection that exhibited a broad host range against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were characterized with respect to morphology, genome size, and restriction patterns. A cocktail composed of the three bacteriophages was more effective in promoting the lysis of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium cultures than any of the three bacteriophages alone. In addition, the cocktail was able to lyse the Salmonella enterica serovars Virchow, Hadar, and Infantis. The effectiveness of the bacteriophage cocktail in reducing the concentration of S. Typhimurium was tested in two animal models using different treatment schedules. In the mouse model, 50% survival was obtained when the cocktail was administered simultaneously with bacterial infection and again at 6, 24, and 30 h postinfection. Likewise, in the White Leghorn chicken specific-pathogen-free (SPF) model, the best results, defined as a reduction of Salmonella concentration in the chicken cecum, were obtained when the bacteriophage cocktail was administered 1 day before or just after bacterial infection and then again on different days postinfection. Our results show that frequent treatment of the chickens with bacteriophage, and especially prior to colonization of the intestinal tract by Salmonella, is required to achieve effective bacterial reduction over time.

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Effects of Six Modifications on the Incidence and Levels of Spoilage and Pathogenic Organisms on Commercially Processed Postchill Broilers

Cited by 73 publications

References 19 publications

Adenosine Triphosphate Bioluminescence as a Method to Determine Microbial Levels in Scald and Chill Tanks at a Poultry Abattoir

Adenosine Triphosphate Bioluminescence as a Method to Determine Microbial Levels in Scald and Chill Tanks at a Poultry Abattoir

Bacteriophage Therapy To Reduce Salmonella Colonization of Broiler Chickens

Significance of the Bacteriophage Treatment Schedule in Reducing Salmonella Colonization of Poultry

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