Effects of Skeleton Structure of Mesoporous Silica Nanoadjuvants on Cancer Immunotherapy

Abstract

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been widely praised as nanoadjuvants in vaccine/tumor immunotherapy thanks to their excellent biocompatibility, easy‐to‐modify surface, adjustable particle size, and remarkable immuno‐enhancing activity. However, the application of MSNs is still greatly limited by some severe challenges including the unclear and complicated relationships of structure and immune effect. Herein, three commonly used MSNs with different skeletons including MSN with tetrasulfide bonds (TMSN), MSN containing ethoxy framework (EMSN), and pure −Si−O−Si− framework of MSN (MSN) are comprehensively compared to study the impact of chemical construction on immune effect. The results fully demonstrate that the three MSNs have great promise in improving cellular immunity for tumor immunotherapy. Moreover, the TMSN performs better than the other two MSNs in antigen loading, cellular uptake, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lymph node targeting, immune activation, and therapeutic efficiency. The findings provide a new paradigm for revealing the structure‐function relationship of mesoporous silica nanoadjuvants, paving the way for their future clinical application.

Nanoengineering of Vaccine Nanoparticles via Templating of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Tumor Immunotherapy

“…This process is characterized by upregulated expression of costimulatory molecules (e.g., CD80, CD86) and secretion of cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β). 44,63,64 In this work, the surface marker expression and cytokine secretion were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Incubation of BMDCs with free OVA, OVA&IMDQ, OVA-TA nanocapsules and IMDQ@OVA-TA nanocapsules all increased the expression of CD80 and CD86 on DCs compared with PBS, with maximal expression observed with IMDQ@OVA-TA nanocapsule treatment (Figure 3a−d).…”

“…Since phenolic compounds have the properties of metal chelation, pH-responsiveness, and universal adhesion, they have been widely used as building blocks to assemble functional materials through the formation of metal coordination, π–π interactions and self-polymerization. − The resulting polyphenol-based materials including coatings, capsules, nanoparticles, and hydrogels have shown potential applications in catalysis, sensing, intracellular protein, and drug delivery. − Recently, template-assisted assembly strategies have been widely used for nanoparticle fabrication . Nanoparticles obtained via template-assisted methods offer selective and uniform geometry, shape, and size. − Templates could be divided into hard (silica, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), etc.) templates and soft (polymers, biological macromolecules, etc.)…”

Research Progress of Disulfide Bond Based Tumor Microenvironment Targeted Drug Delivery System

“…Compared to other drug delivery systems, MSNs possess unique mesoporous structures and high surface area ratios. 91 , 92 Due to their highly controllable pore sizes and surface areas, they have broad potential applications in drug delivery, biosensing, catalysis, and energy storage. In the field of drug delivery, MSNs can be used as drug carriers to efficiently load and control the release of drugs by controlling pore size and surface properties.…”