Effects of slaking and mechanical breakdown on disaggregation and splash erosion

Xiao, Hai; Liu, G.; Elbasit, Mohamed A. M. Abd; Zhang, X. C.; Liu, P. L.; Zheng, Fenli; Zhang, Jiaquan; Hu, Feinan

doi:10.1111/ejss.12482

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…; ( Salles et al, 2002;Xiao et al, 2017) Where, KEt = kinetic energy (J m -2 hr -1 ) T = time (s) required by the simulated rainfall to break the aggregate. e = theoretical formula for kinetic energy.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Aggregate Stability By Time and Kinetic Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil amendments on aggregate stability and selected agronomic parameters of pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Moses¹,

Alani²,

Adeyemi³

et al. 2020

Amaz. Jour. of Plant Resear.

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Soil amendment had been used to ameliorate soils for better productivities with improved aggregate stability, thus, a research was conducted to determine the effects of poultry manure, portland cement and combined poultry manure plus portland cement amended soil on time (s), kinetic energy (J m-2 hr-1) of simulated rainfall to disintegrate soil aggregate and selected agronomic parameters (number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, number of roots, stem girth, root girth, and root length) of pepper (Capsicum annuum) in the Greenhouse; Teaching and Research Farm of The Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Oyo State, Nigeria, in a complete randomized design. The treatments were four and replicated three times. Results indicated that, all treatments had increased significant (P ≤ 0.05) effects on the aggregate stability, also both poultry manure and combined poultry manure plus portland cement had significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements on all the seven agronomic parameters, while portland cement only had significant (P ≤ 0.05) increment on five agronomic parameters and no significant (P = 0.05) effects was observed on stem girth and root length. Poultry manure, portland cement and combined poultry manure plus Portland cement had pronounced distinct statistical significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvement on the three, four and five selected agronomic parameters respectively, however, based on the strength of analysis of variance, cost and LSD, combined poultry manure plus Portland cement at 10:10 gm could be recommended for the improvements of soil aggregate stability and growth of pepper (Capsicum annuum) in a derived savannah with sandy soil.

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Section: Evaluation Of Aggregate Stability By Time and Kinetic Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil amendments on aggregate stability and selected agronomic parameters of pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Moses¹,

Alani²,

Adeyemi³

et al. 2020

Amaz. Jour. of Plant Resear.

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“…In addition, we found that the sediment yield was not greater with higher total KE of rainfall, but total KE of large raindrops (Table 4). We suspected that impacts of large raindrops more easily caused soil splash detachment on the forest floor, and decreased infiltration capacity [40][41][42], which was similar to the view that the sediment yield in a rainfall event with high rainfall intensity and short duration was far greater than that in a rainfall event with low rainfall intensity and long duration [43][44][45]. But it did not have the best effect of soil and water conservation (Table 4) under the circumstances, the sediment reduction effect was the largest under moderate rainfall intensity.…”

Section: Effect Of Masson Pine Forest On Sediment Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Canopy Interception and Rainfall Kinetic Energy on Soil Erosion under Forests

Wan

Cui

et al. 2019

Forests

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Afforestation is a widely accepted measure to control soil erosion around the world. A large area of forest has been built to prevent slope soil erosion in the red soil region of southern China since the 1980s. The vegetation coverage has significantly increased; however, there is still moderate or severe soil erosion under the forest. In order to improve the situation, it is necessary to study the effects of canopy on soil erosion under the forest. Standard runoff plots were established on two typical sites, which represented pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest and bare land, respectively. Precipitation redistribution and throughfall indices including raindrop size, raindrop velocity, and the kinetic energy (KE) of raindrops were quantified. The results showed that 29.3% of the precipitation was directly prevented from reaching the forest land surface. The canopy interception effect was better under low rainfall intensity than high rainfall intensity. Compared with open rainfall, throughfall raindrops were 16.3% fewer in number, larger in size, and the range of throughfall drop size distribution (DSD) was enlarged. The volume ratio of large drops was larger with higher rainfall intensity. When the rainfall intensity was less than 14 mm h−1, throughfall kinetic energy (TKE) was higher than open rainfall kinetic energy (OKE) owing to the higher volume ratio of large raindrops. When the rainfall intensity was more than 14 mm h−1, TKE was smaller owing to the large raindrops failing to reach their final velocities: their mean velocity was 80% of their final velocity. The sediment yield was the largest under high rainfall intensity and the effect of sediment reduction was the largest under moderate rainfall intensity. Therefore, the largest KE did not lead to the maximum sediment yield; canopy interception was also an important factor affecting sediment yield.

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“…With enrichment of clay particles, the stability of the aggregates increased. The dispersion and breakdown in these erosional processes are more difficult to achieve if the soil contains more stable aggregates (Xiao et al, 2017). An increase in rock fragments reduced aggregate breakdown due to the interception of raindrops by rock fragments on the soil surface.…”

Section: Effects Of Rock Fragments On Soil Loss In Purple Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of soil erosion and sediment sorting to the transport mechanism on a steep rocky slope

Han

Wang

Song

et al. 2019

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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A deeper understanding of the sediment characteristics associated with rock fragment content can improve our knowledge of the erosional processes and transport mechanisms of sediments on steep rocky slopes. This research used simulated rainfall experiments lasting for 1 h at a rate of 90 mm h−1 and employed 5 × 1 × 0.4 m parallel troughs filled with purple soils with different rock fragment volumetric contents (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) on a 15° slope gradient. For each simulated event, runoff and sediment were sampled at 1‐ and 3‐min intervals, respectively, to study, in detail, the temporal changes in the size distributions of the eroded sediments. The results show that sediment concentrations, soil erosion rates and soil loss ratios significantly decreased as rock fragment content increased for rock fragment contents from 0 to 40% in purple soils. During the transportation process, clay particles often formed aggregates and were then transported as larger particles. Silt particles were more likely to be transported as primary particles with a low degree of sediment aggregation. Sand‐sized particles, which constituted a greater proportion of the original soil than the eroded sediments, were formed from other fine particles and transported as aggregates rather than as primary particles. Suspension‐saltation, which mainly transports fine particles of 0.02–0.05 mm and coarse particles larger than 0.5 mm in size, was the most important transport mechanism on steep rocky slopes. The results of this study can help to explain the inherent laws of erosional processes on steep rocky slopes and can provide a foundation for improving physical models of soil erosion. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Effects of slaking and mechanical breakdown on disaggregation and splash erosion

Cited by 48 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of soil amendments on aggregate stability and selected agronomic parameters of pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Effects of soil amendments on aggregate stability and selected agronomic parameters of pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Influence of Canopy Interception and Rainfall Kinetic Energy on Soil Erosion under Forests

Response of soil erosion and sediment sorting to the transport mechanism on a steep rocky slope

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