Effects of slimming and composition of diets on VO2 and thyroid hormones in healthy subjects

Serog, P; Apfelbaum, M; Autissier, N; Baigts, F.; Brigant, L; Ktorza, Alain

doi:10.1093/ajcn/35.1.24

Cited by 63 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nev ertheless, the bulk of studies of metabolic rate in animals on restricted diets deal with total caloric restriction. It has been suggested that increasing carbohydrate content of a re stricted diet could prevent the energy conser vation mechanism [26], a hypothesis which has not been confirmed [27]. Although the exact mechanism by which energy conserva tion occurs is not known, hormonal influences such as decreased thyroid activity [28] and decreased sympathetic nervous system activi ty [29] were described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Energy between Food-Restricted Dams and Offspring

Luz

Griggio²

1996

Ann Nutr Metab

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Pregnant and nonpregnant rats were subjected to one of four food intake schedules: ad libitum, 20, 40 and 60% of food restriction, during 20 days, with the objective of studying the distribution of energy between food-restricted mothers and offspring. The animals were anesthetized and the conceptuses were removed and separated into male, female, and placental tissues. The rats were then killed and all carcasses were prepared for energy balance determination. A baseline group of weight-matched rats were killed in the first day of the experiment to evaluate the initial body energy. The results obtained showed that the energy balance of pregnant rats was impaired as a consequence of the food restriction imposed. The offspring from restricted mothers had lower body weight and energy content and were less in number than the ones from the control dams. It is also suggested that food restriction causes the mother to transfer similar percent energy to the offspring as in control animals which will deplete the mother energy stores more than in ad libitum fed rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Energy between Food-Restricted Dams and Offspring

Luz

Griggio²

1996

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…This early loss of protein is probably a consequence of adaptive hormonal responses which reduce the rate of protein synthesis. It occurs at a time of reduced availability of biologically active triiodothyronine [28,29] and possible increased resistance of metabolic rate to T 3 [30], The reduction in REE immediately af ter the start of caloric restriction can also be abolished by restitution of the reduced sym pathetic drive (using laevodopa) without al tering the rate of weight loss [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in Resting Energy Expenditure in Relation to Lean Tissue Loss in Obese Subjects during Prolonged Dieting

Abraham¹,

Wynn²

1987

Ann Nutr Metab

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Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry during dieting (2.74–3.30 MJ/day) for up to 200 days in overweight patients undergoing continuous metabolic balance studies. The initial rapid reduction in REE in the first 2 weeks of dieting was related to the extent of the immediate nitrogen deficit that follows caloric restriction and was larger (p < 0.01) in men dieting de novo than either women (NS) or 4 patients of comparable lean body mass who had dieted prior to admission (NS). Because of their smaller metabolic energy deficit on our diets, the reduction in REE in women was small and not significant. In men, the slower long-term reduction in REE (p < 0.05) was related to a continuing loss of lean tissue with no changes in the REE/m², REE/kg body weight and REE/mmol creatinine excreted with time. We have previously shown that total energy expenditure (estimated from the rate of fat loss as measured by the difference between body weight changes and weight changes in fluid and protein) does not change significantly during prolonged dieting. The fall in REE in parallel with lean body mass suggests that some increase in the energy expended in daily activities must have occurred.

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“…Animal studies 44 " 4 * and clinical observations 5 47 suggest that negative energy balance may be more closely related to the fall in blood pressure than are changes in body fat. Factors that have been or should be considered contributors to the hypotensive response to weight reduction include the fall in levels of insulin, 43 -** triiodothyronine, 49 and sympathetic nervous system activity 44 ; changes in intake of sodium, 33 potassium, 34 calcium, 35 x fat, 37 alcohol, 38 and foods of animal origin 39 " 41 ; altered exercise patterns 50 ; and -as yet untested -changes in lean body mass. Pending the availability of appropriate prospective studies to clarify the hemodynamic response to weight reduction, the results of the present investigation warrant caution in the assumption that body fat itself is a major determinant of blood pressure level among obese hypertensive individuals.…”

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confidence: 99%

The relative contribution of body fat and fat pattern to blood pressure level.

Weinsier¹,

Norris²,

Birch³

et al. 1985

Hypertension

114

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SUMMARY Although the association between body weight and blood pressure is irrefutable, body fat mass and blood pressure level may not necessarily be directly related. To clarify the relative contribution of fat mass to blood pressure level, we analyzed data on 399 adults consecutively entering a weight control program. Although most subjects were notably overweight (mean ideal body weight 177%), the population represented a wide spectrum of body weights and blood pressure levels. Study parameters included body fat mass (by total body water, 40 K, and Steinkamp formula), lean body mass, body build (chest to height ratio), fat cell number and size from bilateral buttock biopsy specimens, upper fat pattern by arm to thigh circumference ratio, and central fat pattern by subscapular to triceps skinfold ratio. Our results concurred with previously noted correlations between obesity and blood pressure (as mean arterial pressure): weight (r = 0.44), percentage of body fat (r = 0.19), and absolute fat mass (r = 0.38; all p < 0.01); however, lean body mass, age, and body build correlated highly with both fat mass and mean arterial pressure, thereby confounding this relationship. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the relative contribution of fat mass to mean arterial pressure in the presence of these and other potentially confounding variables. Lean body mass, age, body build, and an upper body fat pattern were found to contribute significantly to the variation in mean arterial pressure (p < 0.01). In their presence, percentage of body fat, absolute fat mass, central fat pattern, fat cell characteristics, and age of onset of obesity did not significantly improve the predictability of mean arterial pressure. Thus, blood pressure level may be related to the aforementioned correlates of obesity and to body fat pattern rather than to fat mass per se. (Hypertension 7: 578-585, 1985) KEY WORDS • obesity, blood pressure • lean body mass • fat pattern • body build fat cell number and size • weight • hypertension C ONSIDERABLE epidemiological and clinical evidence exists to support an association between obesity and hypertension. The increased prevalence of obesity among hypertensive subjects' and hypertension among the obese 2 is well documented. In addition, prospective trials

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Effects of slimming and composition of diets on VO2 and thyroid hormones in healthy subjects

Cited by 63 publications

References 17 publications

Distribution of Energy between Food-Restricted Dams and Offspring

Distribution of Energy between Food-Restricted Dams and Offspring

Reduction in Resting Energy Expenditure in Relation to Lean Tissue Loss in Obese Subjects during Prolonged Dieting

The relative contribution of body fat and fat pattern to blood pressure level.

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