Effects of slow-release fertilizers on growth and on uptake and leaching of nutrients in Kentucky bluegrass turfs established on sand-based root zones

Engelsjord, M. E.; Singh, Bhanu Pratap

doi:10.4141/p96-034

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1). Other researchers have also reported elevated N leaching during the establishment of turfgrass, and for up to 7 months Engelsjord and Singh 1997;Geron et al 1993;Snyder and Cisar 2000). At the end of one year, and when well established, N losses were relatively low (3-15 kg N ha −1 yr −1 , Table 2) from both turfgrass ages in the present study, and within the range of values reported from other studies investigating N leaching from established turfgrass (0-69 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) ( Frank et al 2006).…”

Section: Nitrogen Leaching From Turfgrassmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In the present study, N losses were similar from the N fertilised and the non-fertilised treatments, indicating N was either predominately derived from the soil, or from that in the sod. Other research has shown soil disturbance from planting turfgrass from seed or stolons increased inorganic-N leaching (Engelsjord and Singh 1997;Geron et al 1993;Hay et al 2007), with the authors suggesting that soil N mineralisation is the source of the additional N leached. Use of labelled N techniques, in future studies, could determine the source of leached N. Future studies investigating N leaching during turfgrass establishment should also include measures of organic and inorganic-N leaching as a large proportion of the leached N during establishment is in the organic form (Table 2) .…”

Section: Implications For Turfgrass Managementmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Does N fertiliser regime influence N leaching and quality of different-aged turfgrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) stands?

et al. 2008

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The effects of N fertiliser regimes on N leaching and turfgrass quality during the establishment and maintenance of Kikuyu turfgrass (Pennisetum clandestinum (Holst. Ex Chiov)) were evaluated in a 24 month field study. Treatments included two turfgrass ages (established from 20 week or 20 year old turfgrass, the later included a 50 mm 'mat' layer), three N application rates (50, 100 or 150 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) and three application frequencies (every 4 weeks, 4 applications per year, 2 applications per year); and included turfgrass plots that received no N fertiliser. Nitrogen leaching, measured using soil lysimeters, ranged from 35 to 69 kg N ha −1 by the end of 24 months, and varied with turfgrass age, but not N fertiliser regime. Greatest N losses occurred during turfgrass establishment, with up to 50% of all N leached in the organic form. We recommend measuring both total N and mineral N when assessing N leaching from turfgrass. The quality of the older turfgrass was maintained using less N fertiliser than the younger turfgrass, while increasing N application frequency improved the consistency of turfgrass growth and colour.

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Section: Nitrogen Leaching From Turfgrassmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Implications For Turfgrass Managementmentioning

confidence: 97%

Does N fertiliser regime influence N leaching and quality of different-aged turfgrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) stands?

et al. 2008

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“…Irrigation regimes and frequencies that do not cause water to move beyond the rooting zone decrease N leaching (Brown et al, 1977;Morton et al, 1988;Snyder et al, 1984). Once the irrigation management has been optimised, further decreases in N leaching have been achieved by applying N fertilisers at rates and frequencies to match turfgrass demand (Brown et al, 1977;Engelsjord and Singh, 1997;Miltner et al, 1996;Morton et al, 1988;Snyder et al, 1981Snyder et al, , 1984. The frequency (or timing) and the amount used in fertiliser applications needed to meet turfgrass requirements and limit the risk of N leaching, varies depending upon the solubility of the fertiliser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Turfgrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) sod production on sandy soils: II. Effects of irrigation and fertiliser regimes on N leaching

2006

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The effects of irrigation and fertiliser regimes on N leaching from the production of couch grass (Cynodon dactylon L.) sod, on a free-draining sandy soil, were evaluated in a 22-month field study. The experimental design used a randomised-block, split-plot design with three replicates. Main plots consisted of two irrigation treatments: 70 and 140% daily replacement of pan evaporation; four subplot fertiliser types (watersoluble (predominately NH 4 NO 3 ), control-release, pelletised poultry manure and pelletised biosolids); and three N application rates (100, 200 and 300 kg N ha )1 per crop). Nitrogen leaching was assessed by measuring the leachate volumes and concentrations of N species leached from soil lysimeters (250 mm in diameter by 950 mm in length) installed in 10 m 2 turfgrass plots. Nitrogen leaching ranged from 33 to 167 kg N ha )1 over 22 months, depending upon the irrigation and fertiliser treatment. Irrigation treatment affected N leaching more than fertiliser treatment, and increasing the irrigation from 70 to 140% replacement of daily pan evaporation increased N leaching for all fertiliser types, and by up to four times. Forty six to 76% of losses occurred from the high irrigation treatments during the first 16 weeks after the turfgrass was planted as rhizomes. By contrast, N leaching did not appear to increase following harvest of sod. At the high irrigation treatment, N leaching was greater for the pelletised biosolids than the controlrelease; while at the low irrigation treatment, N leaching did not vary between fertiliser types. A significant proportion of the N leached was in the organic form. Therefore, we recommend total N and mineral N be measured when assessing N leaching from turfgrass. Nitrogen leaching from turfgrass production is low from all fertiliser types when the irrigation matches turfgrass water use and N is applied at a rate and frequency that approximates turfgrass requirements.

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“…Therefore, if the recommended N rate is maintained at the site to target maximum yields, a suggested approach to improve NUE, and consequently improve yields and mitigate the problem of N leaching losses, could be the use of slow release fertilizers. Many studies have shown the benefits of using slow release N fertilizers including efficient N use by plants, reduced leaching losses, and prolonged availability of N throughout the growing season (Alexander and Helm 1990;Catanzaro et al 1998;Engelsjord and Singh 1997;Fan and Li 2009). Slow release N fertilizers provide a moderate but sustained N supply, which improves N fertilizer use efficiency and reduces N leaching losses (Owens et al 1999;Fan and Li 2009).…”

Section: Soil Solution Nitrogen Concentration In the Root Zonementioning

confidence: 98%

Agro-ecological nitrogen management in soils vulnerable to nitrate leaching: a case study in the Lower Suwannee Watershed

Agyin‐Birikorang

Newman

Obour

et al. 2011

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Environmental benefits associated with reduced rates of nitrogen (N) application, while maintaining economically optimum yields have economic and social benefits. Although N is an indispensable plant nutrient, residual soil N could leach out to contaminate groundwater and surface water resources, particularly in sandy soils. A 2-year field study was conducted in an established bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) pasture in the Lower Suwannee Watershed, Florida, to evaluate N application rates on forage yield, forage quality, and nitrate (NO 3 -N) leaching in rapidly permeable upland sandy soils. Four N application rates (30, 50, 70, and 90 kg N ha -1 harvest -1 ) corresponding to 0.33, 0.55, 0.77 and IX, respectively, of recommended N rate (90 kg N ha -1 harvest -1 ) for bermudagrass hay production in Florida were evaluated vis-à-vis an unfertilized (0 N) control. Suction cups were installed near the center of each plot at two depths (30 and 100 cm) to monitor NO 3 -N leaching. The grass was harvested at 28 days intervals to determine dry matter yield, N uptake, and herbage nutritive value. Nitrogen application at the recommended rate produced the greatest total dry matter yield (*18.4 Mg ha -1 year -1 ), but a modeled economically optimum N rate of *57 kg N ha -1 harvest -1 (*60% of the recommended N rate) projected an average dry matter yield of *17.3 Mg ha -1 year -1 , which represents [90% of the observed maximum yield. Nitrogen application increased nutritive quality of the grass, but increases in N application rate above 30 kg N ha -1 did not result in significant increases in in vitro digestible organic matter concentration, and tissue crude protein was not significant above 50 kg N ha -1 . Across the sampling period, treatments with N rates B50 kg N ha -1 harvest -1 had leachate NO 3 -N concentration below the maximum contaminant limit of \10 mg l -1 . Conversely, applying N at rates C70 kg N ha -1 harvest -1 resulted in leachate N concentration that exceeded the maximum contaminant limit, and suggest high risk of impacting groundwater quality, if such rates are applied to soils with coarse (sand) textures. The study demonstrates that recommendation of a single N application rate may not be appropriate under all agro-climatic conditions and, thus, a site-specific evaluation of best N management strategy is critical.

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Effects of slow-release fertilizers on growth and on uptake and leaching of nutrients in Kentucky bluegrass turfs established on sand-based root zones

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Does N fertiliser regime influence N leaching and quality of different-aged turfgrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) stands?

Does N fertiliser regime influence N leaching and quality of different-aged turfgrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) stands?

Turfgrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) sod production on sandy soils: II. Effects of irrigation and fertiliser regimes on N leaching

Agro-ecological nitrogen management in soils vulnerable to nitrate leaching: a case study in the Lower Suwannee Watershed

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