Effects of Smoking on Testicular Function, Semen Quality and Sperm Fertilizing Capacity

Sofikitis, Nikolaos; Miyagawa, Ikuo; Dimitriadis, Dimitrios; Zavos, Panayiotis M.; Sikka, Suresh C.

doi:10.1097/00005392-199509000-00035

Cited by 53 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…41,42 The mechanisms by which cigarette smoking affect TT levels are uncertain. 43 Nicotine-mediated inhibition of aromatase was suggested but some authors on contrast, others suggested that the products of cigarette smokng, nicotine and cotinine, inhibit testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells, possibly by inhibiting the steroidogenic enzymes, 17a-hydroxylase and 17, 20-lyase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and predictors for low total testosterone levels among male type 2 diabetic patients: an Egyptian experience

Aboelnaga

Elshahawy

2016

Int J Res Med Sci

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INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus (DM) affects an estimated 285 million people worldwide. This number is expected to reach 438 million by the year 2030.1 On the other hand, Male hypogonadism (MHG) is a clinical syndrome that results from failure to produce physiological concentrations of testosterone. 2MHG is significantly associated with various comorbidities reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, increased adiposity, low energy and fatigue.3 Muscle weakness and low bone mass, Depression, anxiety loss of libido, and erectile dysfunction and decreased quality, abnormal lipid profile, CVS pathophysiologic change. [4][5][6][7] The association between low serum testosterone (LST) and diabetes (DM) has recently received substantial attention; studies have reported that male patients with ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects an estimated 285 million people worldwide. This number is expected to reach 438 million by the year 2030. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of male hypogonadism among Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes and to identify the risk factors may be associated with low serum testosterone concentrations in men with type 2 diabetes. Methods: 140 male patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited in this cross-sectional study. This study WAS conducted from January 2012 to January 2016 in the endocrinology and metabolism unit, Mansoura University, Egypt. Results: We found 48 (34.2%) patients with hypogonadism (defined as TT ≤300 ng/dl) among 140 male patients with type 2 diabetes. 7 out of 48 (14.5%) patients with TT ≤300 ng/dl had high abnormal gondotrophins hormones levels while 41 patients out of 48 (85.5%) had normal gondotrophins hormones levels. We found BMI, WC, Hba1c, UACR, retinopathy ratio, nephropathy ratio, smoker ratio and patient on insulin therapy ratio were increased in the low TT group with statistically significance, but non statistically significant difference in age, diabetic duration, FSH, LH, Prolactin and lipid profile. In this study by using Pearson correlation, we found a statistically significant correlation between TT levels with BMI, WC, FSH, LH, Hba1c, and UACR (P value<0.05). Also by using stepwise multiple regression analysis, we found BMI, WC, LH, Hba1c, and UACR were statistically significant predictors of TT levels. In logistic regression analysis, we found Hba1c, UACR, and WC were statistically significant risk factors for MHG. Conclusions: Visceral obesity, higher Hba1c, and degree of albuminuria are independent risk factors for hypogonadism in Egyptian male patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and predictors for low total testosterone levels among male type 2 diabetic patients: an Egyptian experience

Aboelnaga

Elshahawy

2016

Int J Res Med Sci

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“…Taking into account the findings of the sperm assays, these results suggest that the reduction in 4-cell embryos observed after MS and SS smoke exposure was primarily the consequences of increased DNA damage and reduced sperm motility, respectively. It has also been suggested that exposure to cigarette smoke results in decreased sperm membrane permeability and function (Sofikitis et al, 2000) and sperm acrosin activity (Sofikitis et al, 1995), which are necessary for sperm capacitation and hyperactivation within the female reproductive tract and penetrating the zona pellucida of the oocyte, respectively. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the reduced fertilization rates observed in our study are the consequence of reduced motility, abnormal sperm capacitation and acrosin activity, or a combination of all.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential sensitivity of male germ cells to mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke in the mouse

Polyzos

Schmid

Piña-Guzmán

et al. 2009

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Cigarette smoking in men has been associated with increased chromosomal abnormalities in sperm and with increased risks for spontaneous abortions, birth defects and neonatal death.Little is known, however, about the reproductive consequences of paternal exposure to secondhand smoke. We used a mouse model to investigate the effects of paternal exposure to sidestream (SS) smoke, the main constituent of second-hand smoke, on the genetic integrity and function of sperm, and to determine whether male germ cells were equally sensitive to mainstream (MS) and SS smoke. A series of sperm DNA quality and reproductive endpoints were investigated after exposing male mice for two weeks to MS or SS smoke. Our results indicated that: (i) only SS smoke significantly affected sperm motility; (ii) only MS smoke induced DNA strand breaks in sperm; (iii) both MS and SS smoke increased sperm chromatin structure abnormalities; and (iv) MS smoke affected both fertilization and the rate of early embryonic development, while SS smoke affected fertilization only. These results show that MS and SS smoke have differential effects on the genetic integrity and function of sperm and provide further evidence that male exposure to second-hand smoke, as well as direct cigarette smoke, may diminish a couple's chance for a successful pregnancy and the birth of a healthy baby.

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“…Both leptin (10) and smoking alter neuroendocrine function (64), cortisol (65), testosterone (66), and thyroid hormone levels (67,68). The precise mechanism by which smoking and alcohol intake act on the adipocyte to regulate leptin levels and the mechanism by which these effects on circulating leptin may affect human physiology will be the subject of future investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Insulin Concentrations, Smoking, and Alcohol Intake Are Important Independent Predictors of Leptin in Young Healthy Men

et al. 1998

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MANTZOROS, CHRISTOS S., ANTONIOS D. LIOLIOS, NICHOLAS A. TRITOS, VIRGINIA G. KAKLAMANI, DIMITRIOS E. DOULGERAKIS, IOANNIS GRIVEAS, ALAN C. MOSES, JEFFREY S. FLIER. Circulating insulinconcentrations, smoking, and alcohol intake are important independent predictors of leptin in young healthy men. Obes Res. 1998;6:179-186. Objective: Leptin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone, has been shown to signal the status of energy stores to the brain, regulate energy homeostasis, and mediate the neuroendocrine response to food deprivation. Obesity is associated with increased leptin levels, and several hormones, including insulin and glucocorticoids, have been associated with leptin levels and expression in rodents. Although obesity has been strongly associated with increased leptin in humans, a significant percentage of leptin's variability remains unexplained. The role of endogenous hormones, demographic factors, or certain life-style factors in explaining the residual variability of leptin levels has not yet been clarified. We performed this cross-sectional study to document the relative importance of obesity, lifestyle factor, and endogenous hormones in determining serum leptin levels. Research Methods and Procedures:We measured serum concentrations of insulin, cortisol, testosterone, growth hormone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; ascertained anthropometric, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics; and studied these variables in relationship to serum leptin concentrations in a sample of young healthy men.Results: Obesity and alcohol intake were independently and positively associated with circulating leptin concentrations. Additionally, cigarette smoking was negatively and independently associated with leptin concentrations. Finally, serum insulin concentration was an independent hormonal determinant of circulating leptin concentrations, whereas serum testosterone was negatively associated with leptin only by bivariate analysis.Discussion: We conclude that, in addition to obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and serum insulin levels are associated with leptin levels in a population of healthy young men.

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Effects of Smoking on Testicular Function, Semen Quality and Sperm Fertilizing Capacity

Abstract: Morphological sperm abnormalities due to secretory dysfunction of the Leydig and Sertoli cells may be the cause of impaired sperm fertilizing capacity in smokers.

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence and predictors for low total testosterone levels among male type 2 diabetic patients: an Egyptian experience

Prevalence and predictors for low total testosterone levels among male type 2 diabetic patients: an Egyptian experience

Differential sensitivity of male germ cells to mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke in the mouse

Circulating Insulin Concentrations, Smoking, and Alcohol Intake Are Important Independent Predictors of Leptin in Young Healthy Men

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