Effects of Soap-Water Wash on Human Epidermal Penetration

Zhu, Hong; Jung, Euiseok; Phuong, Christina; Hui, Xiaoying; Maibach, Howard I.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24009-7_6

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…Yet, the water with detergent wash may enhance agent transport through garments to skin (Chang, Ciegler, & Crochet, ). After soap–water wash decontamination, considerable chemical mass remained in the epidermis and caused a wash‐in chemical effect, which could be accelerated by increasing SC water content (Zhu, Jung, Phoung, Hui, & Maibach, ). Although soap wash may cause wash‐in effect, it does not apply to all chemicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding affinity and decontamination of dermal decontamination gel to model chemical warfare agent simulants

Cao

Elmahdy

Zhu

et al. 2018

J of Applied Toxicology

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Six chemical warfare agent simulants (trimethyl phosphate, dimethyl adipate, 2-chloroethyl methyl sulfide, diethyl adipate, chloroethyl phenyl sulfide and diethyl sebacate) were studied in in vitro human skin to explore relationship between dermal penetration/absorption and the mechanisms of simulant partitioning between stratum corneum (SC) and water as well as between dermal decontamination gel (DDGel) and water. Both binding affinity to and decontamination of simulants using DDGel were studied. Partition coefficients of six simulants between SC and water (Log P ) and between DDGel and water (Log P ) were determined. Results showed that DDGel has a similar or higher binding affinity to each simulant compared to SC. The relationship between Log P octanol/water and Log P as well as between Log P octanol/water and Log P demonstrated that partition coefficient of simulants correlated to their lipophilicity or hydrophilicity. Decontamination efficiency results with DDGel for these simulants were consistent with binding affinity results. Amounts of percentage dose of chemicals in DDGel of trimethyl phosphate, dimethyl adipate, 2-chloroethyl methyl sulfide, diethyl adipate, chloroethyl phenyl sulfide and diethyl sebacate were determined to be 61.15, 85.67, 75.91, 53.53, 89.89 and 76.58, with corresponding amounts absorbed in skin of 0.96, 0.65, 1.68, 0.72, 0.57 and 1.38, respectively. In vitro skin decontamination experiments coupled with a dermal absorption study demonstrated that DDGel can efficiently remove chemicals from skin surface, back-extract from the SC, and significantly reduced chemical penetration into skin or systemic absorption for all six simulants tested. Therefore, DDGel offers a great potential as a NextGen skin Decon platform technology for both military and civilian use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%