Effects of sodium bicarbonate on butyric acid-induced epithelial cell damage in vitro

Abstract

Butyric acid is detected in periodontalpockets and is thought to be involved in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. We examined the effects of sodium bicarbonate on the butyric acidinduced epithelial cell damage. The human gingival carcinoma cell line Ca9-22 was cultured in medium that contained butyric acid with or without sodium bicarbonate. The viability of cells treated with sodium bicarbonate was significantly higher than that of cells treated with butyric acid alone. The effects of butyric acid on ICAM-1 expression were significantly improved by sodium bicarbonate. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, sodium bicarbonate was indicated to be a useful therapeutic agent to reduce the butyric acidinduced periodontal tissue damage. (J. Oral Sci. 50, [413][414][415][416][417] 2008)

Butyrate Decreases ICAM-1 Expression in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells

“…Our research supports the role of butyrate to reduce ICAM-1 expression as observed in the intestine of burned rats [40], stimulated chondrocytes [41], glomerular mesangial cells [42], colon cancer cells [43], and endothelial cells [44]. These observations together with our findings are, however, in contrast to those showing that butyrate increases ICAM-1 in gingival carcinoma cells [23,45], leukemia cells [46] and endothelial cells [47,48]. Furthermore, high concentrations of butyrate provoke apoptosis in inflamed human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal destruction [25,29].…”

“…Butyrate also reduces the expression of ICAM-1 in LPS-stimulated mouse glomerular mesangial and Caco-2 cells [42,43], and cytokine-induced ICAM-1 expression in cultured endothelial cells [44]. Conversely, other studies showed that butyrate increases ICAM-1 in human gingival carcinoma cell line 45], in acute myeloid leukemia cells [46] and endothelial cells [47,48]. Owing to these inconsistent results, it cannot be predicted whether butyrate or other SCFA…”

Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Human Oral Epithelial Cells and the Potential Impact on Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

“…The included studies were published between 1997 and 2020, and all of them were in English language. They were conducted in five different countries: Austria [ 36 ], China [ 37 ], Finland [ 38 ], Japan [ 33 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], and the United States of America [ 43 , 44 ]. Concerning the cell lines used, three used primary gingival epithelial cells [ 36 , 37 , 38 ], six used human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines [ 33 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ] and three used immortalized transformed human oral epithelial cells [ 38 , 43 , 44 ].…”

“…They were conducted in five different countries: Austria [ 36 ], China [ 37 ], Finland [ 38 ], Japan [ 33 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], and the United States of America [ 43 , 44 ]. Concerning the cell lines used, three used primary gingival epithelial cells [ 36 , 37 , 38 ], six used human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines [ 33 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ] and three used immortalized transformed human oral epithelial cells [ 38 , 43 , 44 ]. The SCFA employed in the included studies were butyrate [ 33 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 44 ] (C4, 88.1 g/mol), propionate [ 36 , 38 , 43 , 44 ] (C3, 74.1 g/mol), acetate [ 36 , 43 , 44 ] (C2, 60.0 g/mol), lactate [ 43 , 44 ] (not a true fatty acid, C3H6O3, 90.1 g/mol), and formate [ 43 ] (C1, 46.0 g/mol).…”

“…Concerning the cell lines used, three used primary gingival epithelial cells [ 36 , 37 , 38 ], six used human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines [ 33 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ] and three used immortalized transformed human oral epithelial cells [ 38 , 43 , 44 ]. The SCFA employed in the included studies were butyrate [ 33 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 44 ] (C4, 88.1 g/mol), propionate [ 36 , 38 , 43 , 44 ] (C3, 74.1 g/mol), acetate [ 36 , 43 , 44 ] (C2, 60.0 g/mol), lactate [ 43 , 44 ] (not a true fatty acid, C3H6O3, 90.1 g/mol), and formate [ 43 ] (C1, 46.0 g/mol). Butyrate or their synonyms (sodium butyrate, butyric acid) were the most used SCFA, applied as intervention in 9 of the 10 included studies [ 33 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 44 ].…”