Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Physical Performance and Cardiovascular Variables in Middle-aged and Elderly Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The global epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) presents a significant health challenge. Physical exercise is crucial in preventing and treating type 2 DM (T2DM). Supplementation with sodium bicarbonate (SB) may enhance physical performance in T2DM individuals during high-intensity protocols. This study aimed to analyze physical performance, blood glucose, and cardiovascular parameters following acute SB supplementation in middle-aged and elderly adults with T2DM. Thirteen individuals (mean age: 62.15 ± 6.90 years, BMI: 29.14 ± 4.49 kg/m2) with an average disease duration of 5.03 ± 6.64 years participated. They underwent a maximal incremental test (MIT) with either SB or a placebo, administered 60 minutes before the test. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and capillary blood glucose were monitored pre- and post-test. Results showed significant differences in MIT duration between the SB and placebo conditions (SB: 481 ± 116.97 seconds, placebo: 439 ± 99.92 seconds, p = 0.005), and in blood glucose levels (p = 0.0001). No significant differences were found in BP, HR, or other cardiovascular variables (p > 0.05). SB supplementation was associated with increased test duration and reduced blood glucose levels, indicating improved physical performance and fatigue reduction. These findings suggest that SB supplementation may be a safe and effective strategy for enhancing physical performance in individuals with T2DM.