Effects of Sodium Bisulfate on Alcohol, Amine, and Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Slurry

Abstract

Sodium bisulfate (SBS) is extensively used in the poultry industry to reduce ammonia and bacterial levels in litter. It is also used in the dairy industry to reduce bacterial counts in bedding and ammonia emissions, preventing environmental mastitis and calf respiratory stress. The present study measured the effect of SBS on the air emission of ammonia, amine, and alcohol from a dairy slurry mix. Amine flux was undetectable (<5 ng L(-1)) across treatments. Application of SBS decreased ammonia, methanol, and ethanol emissions from fresh dairy slurry. Ammonia emissions decreased with increasing levels of SBS treatment. The 3-d average ammonia flux from the control (no SBS applied) and the three different SBS surface application levels of 0.125, 0.250, and 0.375 kg m(-2) were 513.4, 407.2, 294.8, and 204.5 mg h(-1) m(-2), respectively. The ammonia emission reduction potentials were 0, 21, 43, and 60%, respectively. Methanol and ethanol emissions decreased with an increase in the amount of SBS applied. The 3-d average methanol emissions were 223.7, 178.0, 131.6, and 87.0 mg h(-1) m(-2) for SBS surface application level of 0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.375 kg m(-2), with corresponding reduction potentials of 0, 20, 41, and 61, respectively. Similar emission reduction potentials of 0, 18, 35, and 58% were obtained for ethanol. Sodium bisulfate was shown to be effective in the mitigation of ammonia and alcohol emissions from fresh dairy slurry.

Multiple Applications of Sodium Bisulfate to Broiler Litter Affect Ammonia Release and Litter Properties

“…For example, litter with PLT reapplications had moisture of 44.8% in the upper 1.5 cm and 29.6% below 1.5 cm, while litter with no PLT had 37.2 and 36.8% moisture, respectively. These differences were indicative of PLT's hygroscopic properties (Sun et al, 2008). Additionally, moisture content of litter receiving no PLT was similar to initial litter collected (Table 1), while litter receiving PLT treatments was higher (Table 2).…”

Effects of forage-to-concentrate ratio and dietary fiber manipulation on gas emissions and olfactometry from manure of Holstein heifers

“…Nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms in manure are responsible for N 2 O generation and are often enhanced by high levels of labile N (Mosier et al, 1998). Dietary manipulation and nutrient utilization can affect nutrient concentration in manure (Sun et al, 2008a). It has been observed that as dietary fiber increases, DM and OM digestibility are reduced in dairy heifers (Lascano and Heinrichs, 2011), leaving more nutrients to be decomposed, and potentially generating more gases and odors.…”

Estimation of the Interference in Multi-Gas Measurements Using Infrared Photoacoustic Analyzers

“…Measurements of air emissions from agriculture are needed to identify the emission sources, estimate the emission rates, compare the emission changes between different operational conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of emission mitigation. The infrared (IR) photoacoustic multi-gas analyzer (PAMGA) (e.g., Innova 1412, AirTech Instruments, Ballerup, Denmark) has been widely used in the agricultural air emission studies ( [7][8][9][10][11][12] and references therein). A National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS) was conducted in recent past to monitor air emissions at 24 sites in nine states throughout the US [13][14][15] and IR PAMGA was also used at most of the NAEMS sites.…”