Effects of sodium butyrate on growth performance, antioxidant status, inflammatory response and resistance to hypoxic stress in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, inflammatory factors, and hypoxic stress in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Diets were supplemented with different doses of SB at 0 (SB0), 0.5 (SB1), 1.0 (SB2) and 2.0 (SB3) g/kg. The hypoxic stress experiment was performed after 56 days of culture. The results showed that compared with the SB0 group, the final body weight, weight gain rate and protein deposition rate of the SB3 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while FCR was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The contents of dry matter, crude lipids, and ash in the SB2 group were significantly higher than those in the SB0 group (P<0.05). The urea level was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the glucose content was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the SB supplement group. Compared with the SB0 group, the SB2 group had significant reductions in the levels of serum triglyceride, cholesterol, elevated-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (P<0.05), and significant reductions in the levels of liver alkaline phosphatase and malondialdehyde (P<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity of the SB1 group was higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). Compared with the SB0 group, the mRNA expression of TLR22, MyD88, TGF-β1, IL-1β and IL-8 in the SB2 group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The cumulative mortality rate was significantly decreased in the SB2 and SB3 groups in comparison with that in the SB0 group after three hours of hypoxic stress (P<0.05). In a 56-day feeding trial, SB enhanced largemouth bass growth by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibiting TLR22-MyD88 signaling, therefore increasing cumulative mortality from hypoxic stress in largemouth bass.

Screening and identification of Bacillus velezensis FLU-1 from the intestinal tract of largemouth bass and its use as a feed additive

“…By 2022, annual largemouth bass production in China had soared to 0.8 million tons, marking a 14.3% increase from 2021. Nevertheless, the persistent threat of bacterial diseases has impeded the largemouth bass industry's progress [10]. Amidst efforts to reduce antibiotic usage and explore substitutes, the application of B. velezensis, renowned for its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, brings renewed optimism to the largemouth bass industry.…”

Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate improve high-carbohydrate diet utilization by regulating gut microbiota, liver lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

“…Carbohydrate levels (9% and 18%) and feed formulations were derived from our previous studies [ 33 ]. The added levels of SA and SB were based on previous studies where 2 g/kg of SA and SB were effective in improving liver and intestinal health in fish (Additional file 1: Table S 1 ) [ 23 – 27 , 34 ]. According to the principle of step-by-step enlargement, all feed ingredients were thoroughly mixed by hand, and soybean oil and distilled water were added sequentially.…”

The Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Gut Immune and Oxidative Responses of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): An Ex Vivo Approach

“…Furthermore, juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmonids) fed with sodium butyrate (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg) demonstrated an increased antioxidant capacity and decreased immune function [15]. On the other hand, Liu et al (2014) [16] showed an increased immune response in common carp fed with sodium (0, 1.5, 3%).…”