Effects of sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol on the water relations, growth, and morphology of citrus rootstock seedlings / by Mongi Zerki.

Zekri, Mongi

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.45387

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Similar reports were documented by Lea-cox and Syvertsen (1993), Tozlu et al (2000) and Ruiz et al (1999). Besides, with the use of high concentration of NaCl solution (> 0.20 MPa) as in the present study, the Na and Cl exclusion ability of some of the citrus rootstocks might be lost (Zekri 1987). Furthermore, AM fungi were found to increase the chloride irrespective of salinity.…”

Section: Nutritional Parameterssupporting

confidence: 75%

Studies on salt stress tolerance of citrus rootstock genotypes with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Murkute¹,

Sharma²,

Singh³

2006

Hortic. Sci.

100

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Citrus is grouped under the salt sensitive crops. Mycorrhizal fungi, a symbiotic relationship between plant roots and beneficial fungi, are supposed to impart the stress tolerance in the host plants. The stress tolerance improved due to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) colonization can be attributed to enhanced mineral nutrition. In the present study the efforts are made to evaluate the effectiveness of AM fungi with two citrus genotypes under salt stress. Three-month-old seedlings of Karna Khatta (Citrus Karna) and Troyer Citrange (Poncirus trifoliata × Citrus sinensis) were inoculated with the indigenous soil based AM inocula (mixed strains). The salinity gradient was developed by frequent irrigation with NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150 mM w/v). The results indicated that all the physical parameters were affected with increasing salinity. The proline accumulation increased while the chlorophyll, calcium and magnesium contents decreased significantly with increasing salinity. In general, the decreased AM colonization did not show any significant effects under salt stress. Keywords: Citrus karna; Poncirus trifoliata × Citrus sinensis; 71treatment. The available phosphorus content in the substrate was 63.2 ppm. The soil based mycorrhizal inocula (Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp., spores) procured from the Division of Microbiology, I.A.R.I., New Delhi, were applied (ca. 300 spores/100 g soil) in the root zone (V1 -non-mycorrhized control, V2 -mycorrhized) while transplanting the seedlings. The salinity gradients were developed by regular irrigation with salt water with NaCl (S1 -control, S2 -50, S3 -100 and S4 -150mM w/v).The physical parameters viz. number of leaves, stem diameter and height of seedling were recorded 90 days after planting (90 DAP). The mean values of three replicates were given. The root colonization by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) was observed at the end of experiment i.e. 90 DAP. The percentage of root colonization was recorded using the method defined by Phillips and Hayman (1970).All the biochemical estimations were done at the end of the experiment, i.e. 90 DAP. The proline estimation was done using the shoot tip portions (stem and leaves) of fresh plant samples according to Bates et al. (1973), while the chlorophyll estimation was done by using only tender leaves according to Barnes et al. (1992). The total sugars and reducing sugars estimations were done by the Nelson-Somogyi method using oven dried samples as described by Thimmaiah (2004).The macro-and micronutrient analyses were done by using the oven dried whole plant samples. The seedlings were uprooted from pots and washed with dilute acid (HCl N / 10 N) and then rinsed thrice with distilled water. The excess water was wiped with tissue paper and then the seedlings were oven dried at 60°C for three days. The brittle and well-dried plant samples were crushed to a powder and 500 mg of ground sample was digested with diacid solution (HNO 3 and HClO 4 , 9:4). This extract was used for the estimation of phosphorus, potassium, ...

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Section: Nutritional Parameterssupporting

confidence: 75%

Studies on salt stress tolerance of citrus rootstock genotypes with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Murkute¹,

Sharma²,

Singh³

2006

Hortic. Sci.

100

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“…Concerning Cl accumulation differences among rootstocks, the results of the present study supported those of previous work (Cooper, 1961;Levy and Shalhevet, 1990;Zekri, 1987;Zekri and Parsons, 1992) concluding that CM was the most Cl excluder, and consequently, the most salt tolerant rootstock.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Based on reduction in shoot biomass or SG with increasing salinity, the ranking of these rootstocks according to salinity tolerance generally confirmed that obtained from earlier studies conducted on one-year-old citrus rootstock seedlings (Zekri, 1987;Zekri and Parsons, 1989). Sour orange and CM are more salt tolerant than CC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Seedling emergence, growth, and mineral concentration of three citrus rootstocks under salt stress

Zekri

1993

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Salt tolerance of Carrizo citrange (CC), sour orange (SO), and Cleopatra mandarin (CM) rootstocks during emergence and early seedling stage of development was studied under greenhouse conditions. Increasing salt concentration in the nutrient solution delayed and depressed seedling emergence (SE), increased time to 50% emergence, reduced seedling growth (SD) but did not affect emergence spread. At the first salinity level (5 mmol), emergence of the first seedling (EFS) was delayed by 2-3 days in CC and one day in SO but was not affected in CM. At the two lowest salinity levels (5 and 10 mmol), final percent emergence (FPE) was not affected in CC but was reduced in SO and CM while shoot biomass was reduced in CC but was not affected in SO and CM. This study showed a non-consistent trend among citrus rootstocks concerning whether the delay in emergence is more sensitive to salt stress than final percent emergence. However, SG was generally more affected by salinity than SE, particularly at high salinity levels. Shoot and root N and Cl concentrations generally increased with increasing salt concentrations. Shoot Cl concentration was found to be a better tool than root Cl concentration in evaluating the extent of the injurious effect of salt stress and a better parameter in ranking salt tolerance of citrus rootstocks. This study also showed that salt tolerance is not a constant character in citrus rootstocks but varies with the stage of seedling development.

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“…It is possible that high amounts of sodium replaced potassium in the vacuoles and guard cells and caused stomata to close (Behboudian et al, 1986). Reduction in stomatal conductance due to P E G might be attributed to several factors such as less root length, stress caused by reduced water flow to the shoots, or to translocation of P E G to the leaves since P E G may cause leaf necrosis (Zekri, 1987). Lawlor (1970) suggested that P E G may block the water pathway and induce desiccation in plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effects of NaCl and polyethylene glycol on root distribution, growth, and stomatal conductance of sour orange seedlings

Zekri

Parsons

1990

Plant Soil

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An experiment was conducted to study sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) seedling root density, distribution, and morphological development under NaCI and polyethylene glycol (PEG) stresses in relation to shoot growth and stomatal conductance. Plants were treated with 2 stress levels (-0.12 and -0.24 MPa) of NaCI and PEG 4000 for 7 months. Root observation chambers were used to monitor root growth and distribution under stressed and non-stressed conditions. Seedlings receiving NaC1 or PEG treatments produced fewer roots and shallower root systems with 46 to 65% of the roots occurring in the top portion of the soil. Fibrous root weight per unit length was increased by 24 to 30% by PEG but was not significantly increased by NaCI.Root growth rate usually alternated with shoot growth in a 2-month cycle. This alternating pattern was not shifted by NaCI and PEG stresses. In all NaCI and PEG treatments, growth was depressed and stomatal conductance was reduced. Compared to controls, plants that received NaCI or PEG had smaller shoot and root dry weights, fewer leaves, shorter height, and fewer roots. Sodium chloride usually caused less damage than PEG to sour orange seedlings suggesting that NaCI and PEG acted through different mechanisms.

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Effects of sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol on the water relations, growth, and morphology of citrus rootstock seedlings / by Mongi Zerki.

Abstract: Root length, root conductivity, water flow rate, and osmotic potential of root exudate of seedlings of 7 rootstocks under non-stressed conditions 40 6. Visible injury in seedlings of 7 rootstocks after 5 months of NaCl treatments 42 7.

Cited by 9 publications

References 73 publications

Studies on salt stress tolerance of citrus rootstock genotypes with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Studies on salt stress tolerance of citrus rootstock genotypes with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Seedling emergence, growth, and mineral concentration of three citrus rootstocks under salt stress

Comparative effects of NaCl and polyethylene glycol on root distribution, growth, and stomatal conductance of sour orange seedlings

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