Effects of Sodium Chloride-Rich Mineral Water on Intestinal Epithelium. Experimental Study

Abstract

Since knowledge concerning the cellular and tissue substrate that explains the therapeutic action of mineral waters is generally very scarce, we address the different effects that Lanjarón-Capuchina mineral water exerts on the intestinal epithelium in an experimental model as a prototype of the sodium chloride-rich mineral waters used in digestive disorders. In the experimental protocol, two groups of five adult Wistar rats received unrestricted mineral water in their diet or mineral water directly into the gastrointestinal tract through a catheter. A third control group was given a standard diet and water ad libitum. Intestinal samples for scanning electron microscopy were analyzed according to standardized methods. The observations carried out by microscope after the administration of the sodium chloride-rich mineral water clearly indicate that the hypertonic action of this mineral water affects the structure of the intestinal epithelium. It modifies the microvilli absorption in terms of the groups of enterocytes and the secretion of goblet cells, but it particularly affects the epithelial renewal process, accelerating and stimulating cell extrusion. The type of extrusion mechanism observed by microscope allows us to affirm that, although this increased after direct administration, it does not generate an epithelial disruption as it occurs in other circumstances with other extrusion modalities.

Characterization of Scale Deposits in a Drinking Water Network in a Semi-Arid Region

“…The drinking water network consists of several deep wells drilled at approximately 300 m, while the water level is located at 80 m. Subsequently, there is a 6-inch pipe to deposit the water in a pumping system, however, before reaching this point, no treatment is given to the groundwater [ 33 , 34 ]. The water is then conducted to a distribution tank where it is chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), in order to comply with the recommendations established by the WHO [ 35 , 36 ], the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [ 37 ] and the Mexican Official Standards (NOM’s) [ 38 , 39 ]. The maximum value of residual free chlorine that applies to drinking water is 5 mg/L [ 35 ].…”

“…is given to the groundwater [33,34]. The water is then conducted to a distribution tank where it is chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), in order to comply with the recommendations established by the WHO [35,36], the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [37] and the Mexican Official Standards (NOM's) [38,39]. The maximum value of residual free chlorine that applies to drinking water is 5 mg/L [35].…”

Health management of patients with COVID-19: is there a room for hydrotherapeutic approaches?

“…The benefits of waters might also be due to their chemical composition naturally rich in different minerals and other components (Nguyen Ba 2020). For instance, sodium chloride-rich mineral waters might be beneficial for digestive disorders (Crespo et al 2021), salty and sulfur waters for dermatological applications (Cacciapuoti et al 2020), or sulfate mineral waters appear as a medical resource used for several disorders, such as gastroenteric, musculoskeletal, skin, and respiratory disorders (Costantino et al 2019)-types of symptoms presented by post-COVID-19 patients. Supplementation of mineral water during thermal therapy has been shown to provide digestive benefits in patients with functional dyspepsia or irritable bowel syndrome, with specific improvements on the gastric acid output and transit duration, as well as a reduction of the different other symptoms (Gasbarrini et al 2006).…”

Features of the reaction of the kidney function of healthy rats to the intake of boric hydrocarbonate sodium mineral waters of varying quantitative macro- and micro-composition

“…At the same time, little attention is paid to the influence of the macro elemental component of MW, i.e., metallic and non-metallic elements contained in MW in the amount of g/l, on the formation and development of reactions of the functional systems of the body in the available literature. As a rule, only the total number of macroelements and their nomenclature is indicated [21,22]. At the same time, the quantitative ratio of macronutrients and the features of the action of MW are practically not studied.…”