Effects of Sodium Restriction on Blood Pressure, Renin, Aldosterone, Catecholamines, Cholesterols, and Triglyceride

Relationship of urinary sodium/potassium excretion and calcium intake to blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension among older Chinese vegetarians

“…Dietary salt reduction lowers blood pressure, especially in hypertensive subjects (Graudal et al, 1998). Observational studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between dietary potassium intake and blood pressure (Intersalt Cooperative Research Group, 1988).…”

Dietary patterns among British adults: compatibility with dietary guidelines for salt/sodium, fat, saturated fat and sugars

“…However, the evidence is not without contention and results from meta-analyses have been mixed (5)(6)(7) . Graudal et al concluded in 1998 that studies did not support a general recommendation to reduce Na intake but did support use as a supplementary treatment in hypertension (8) . This and other earlier metaanalyses (9,10) have been criticised for including trials of short duration and trials of acute salt loading followed by severe depletion which does not reflect the 'real-life' situation.…”

Salt and blood pressure in children

“…8 In fact, the link of blood pressure to dietary sodium is based on pretty strong stuff. More than 100 well designed and executed randomized clinical trials, and meta-analyses thereof, have unequivocally demonstrated, in adults, that a 75-100 mmol reduction in daily sodium intake can, on average reduce blood pressure by 3-4/o1 mm Hg-more in older, hypertensive, or black persons.…”

“…More than 100 well designed and executed randomized clinical trials, and meta-analyses thereof, have unequivocally demonstrated, in adults, that a 75-100 mmol reduction in daily sodium intake can, on average reduce blood pressure by 3-4/o1 mm Hg-more in older, hypertensive, or black persons. 8 It should also be noted that blood pressure response to dietary change in sodium is hardly consistent. In some, blood pressure actually rises, and in most, a change in pressure is undetectable.…”

“…But, it is also true that randomized clinical trials in adults have shown that lowering sodium intake increases sympathetic nerve activity, reduces insulin sensitivity, increases the activity of the renin-angiotensin system, and increases aldosterone secretion. 8,[12][13][14] Do these or other changes occur in children? This is critical because, of course, the health impact of any intervention is the sum total of all its consequences.…”