Effects of Soil Characteristics on Passive Wireless Sensor Interrogation

Frolík, Jeff; Lens, John E.; Dewoolkar, Mandar M.; Weller, Thomas M.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2018.2810132

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…− Layer of perception: it is made up of physical items that can sense and convert physical quantities (such as temperature, pressure, vibrations, and rays) into magnitudes of digital, then procedure, save, and wirelessly communicate this data to a sink or system gateway. The IoT includes things like wireless sensors [24], [25] radio frequency identification [26], handsets [27], wearables, connected automobiles [28], and intelligent houses [29]. − Network layer: it sends the analogue representation of the digital data gathered from the physical world to a sink or the network gateway.…”

Section: Architecture Of Iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The description of each layer are provided as follows. gateways, this layer houses a wide variety of devices such as RFID readers RFID [26], wireless sensors [24], intelligent phones [27] with detecting capability, and intelligent automobiles [28]. − The control layer: it's the layer in between the service and the infrastructure, and it offers APIs that developers may use to build their own IoT apps.…”

Section: Software Defined Networking For Internet Of Things 31 Archit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Software defined networking for internet of things: review, techniques, challenges, and future directions

Al-Shareeda,

Abdullah Alsadhan,

H. Qasim

et al. 2024

Bulletin EEI

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Security networks as one of the biggest issue for network managers with the exponential growth of devices connected to the internet. Keeping a big and diverse network running smoothly and securely is no easy feat. With this in mind, emerging technologies like software defined networking (SDN) and internet of things (IoT) hold considerable promise for information service innovation in the cloud and big data era. Therefore, this paper describes the model of SDN and the architecture of IoT. Then this review does not only review the research studies in SDN-IoT but also provides an explanation of the SDN-IoT solution in terms of architecture, main consideration, model, and the implementation of SDN controllers for IoT. Finally, this review discusses the challenges and future directions. This paper can be used as a starting point for thinking about how to improve SDN-IoT security and privacy.

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Section: Architecture Of Iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Software Defined Networking For Internet Of Things 31 Archit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Software defined networking for internet of things: review, techniques, challenges, and future directions

Al-Shareeda,

Abdullah Alsadhan,

H. Qasim

et al. 2024

Bulletin EEI

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“…Harmonic transponders are one such passive wireless device, an example shown in Fig. 1-Top, and which have been investigated for a variety of novel identification and sensing purposes, including tracking of insects [1]- [4]; avoiding car collisions [5]; locating buried infrastructure [6]; monitoring steel corrosion [7], wall cracks [8], and railbeds [9]; and measuring temperature [10]- [12], humidity [13], and soil moisture [14]. As illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Performance Characterization of Harmonic Transponders

Polivka,

Frolik

2024

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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Harmonic transponders are passive wireless devices that hold great promise for a variety of long-term tracking and sensing applications. These nonlinear devices receive an interrogation signal at one frequency (f ) and backscatter harmonics (typically, 2f is of interest). The device's conversion loss is the change in power from what is received and what is transmitted. We show herein that conversion loss is dependent jointly on interrogation power, interrogation frequency, and interrogation angle. This coupled nature of the device's behavior necessitates performance metrics that capture these characteristics. We present a methodology to generically test these devices and propose metrics that capture the noted dependencies.INDEX TERMS Backscatter, conversion loss, dual band, frequency doubler, harmonic transponder, metrics, nonlinear circuits, patch antennas, over-the-air testing, RFID, wireless sensor.

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“…Existing literature has more focused on impacts of soil type and moisture on UG communication; it has even been developed a theoretical model to capture the effects of soil moisture changes on the return loss, resonant frequency, and bandwidth of a buried dipole antenna in Salam et al 43 However, there is no specific study on determining the most relevant variables that affect wireless underground communication to the best of our knowledge. Experimental results from work in Frolik et al 44 show that soil compaction has little path loss effect at frequencies of interest (1.2 and 2.4 GHz) compared to the impact generated by the soil moisture variations; however, it does not compare between the different soil variables as aforementioned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regression analysis‐based identification model of key impactful parameters on buried antennas

Mejjatti

Habbani

Bouanani

2021

Int J Communication

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Summary The antenna's bandwidth is strongly dependent on its physical properties and the environment where it is located. Nevertheless, for transmitting devices embedded permanently in the soil, the propagation medium's properties are unstable due to dielectric permittivity's spatial and temporal changes. Relying on soil parameters values, we present three new multivariable regression models allowing a good fit to the dataset curves with antenna's resonant frequency variations prediction of about 98%. Precisely, such models have been obtained with the help of the multiple linear regression analysis method. Additionally, the results revealed that amongst four considered parameters (i.e., volumetric moisture, bulk density, specific density, and temperature), volumetric moisture is the most influencing factor on the antenna operating frequency band with a correlation coefficient of −0.989, whereas it equals 0.04, −0.035, and −0.002 for the temperature, bulk density, and specific density, respectively.

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Effects of Soil Characteristics on Passive Wireless Sensor Interrogation

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Software defined networking for internet of things: review, techniques, challenges, and future directions

Software defined networking for internet of things: review, techniques, challenges, and future directions

On Performance Characterization of Harmonic Transponders

Regression analysis‐based identification model of key impactful parameters on buried antennas

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